Internal migration of the urban population is substantial with diverse drivers, barriers, and reasons for destination choices. Whereas internal mobility in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries is well-studied under the umbrella of residential, labour, amenity, and retirement migration, such research in non-OECD countries is rare and limited to the economic aspects of migration. In this study, we assess the relative importance of social, environmental, and amenity factors in urban peoples' destination choices within three countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) through an online survey. Concerns about safety and high living costs at potential destinations were among the most important factors in mobility decisions, whereas amenities were the least important. A high risk from climatic hazards, particularly from severe ones such as flooding and typhoons, was also an influential destination disincentive, particularly for people in Malaysia and the Philippines, that is, likely to grow in importance as climate change accelerates unabated. To maintain the attractiveness of highly exposed cities and regions to skilled people, urban planners must minimise these risks, for example, through crime control, flood disaster management, and early warning systems.

中文翻译：

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三个东南亚国家城市人口目的地选择的权衡

城市人口的大量内部迁移具有不同的驱动因素、障碍和目的地选择的原因。虽然经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 国家的内部流动在居住、劳动力、便利设施和退休移民的保护伞下得到了充分研究，但非经合组织国家的此类研究很少，并且仅限于经济方面的研究。移民。在这项研究中，我们通过在线调查评估了三个国家（印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾）内城市人口目的地选择中社会、环境和舒适性因素的相对重要性。对潜在目的地的安全性和高生活成本的担忧是出行决策中最重要的因素之一，而便利设施则是最不重要的因素。气候危害的高风险，尤其是洪水和台风等严重灾害，也是一个有影响力的目的地抑制因素，特别是对马来西亚和菲律宾的人们而言，也就是说，随着气候变化加速有增无减，其重要性可能会增加。为了保持高度暴露的城市和地区对技术人员的吸引力，城市规划者必须最大限度地减少这些风险，例如，通过犯罪控制、洪水灾害管理和预警系统。