Medication management is a complex but critical process within the healthcare delivery system. The pharmacy department in healthcare facilities is responsible for acquisition, distribution and dispensing of medication to patients that involves a series of network process. This process can be categorized into two main subprocesses: i) pharmacy store and ii) patient services (i.e., ambulatory and inpatient pharmacy). The objective of this study was to investigate the relative efficiency level of the two subprocesses of pharmacy services in Malaysia's public hospitals. We used a nonconvex metafrontier technology to estimate technical efficiency of hospital pharmacies between specialist and nonspecialist hospital categories under the dynamic network data envelopment analysis (DNDEA) framework. For overall efficiency, both specialist and nonspecialist categories had similar mean efficiency scores. However, when measuring the efficiency level according to pharmacy store and patient services separately, the nonspecialist category had a higher mean efficiency score in pharmacy store, whereas for patient service efficiency, both categories had similar results. The patient service efficiency level was lower consistently over time, suggesting that the overall inefficiency of hospital pharmacy is greatly influenced by the inefficiency of the patient service. This suggests that systematic improvements in patient service efficiency should be a higher priority than pharmacy store efficiency to further increase the overall efficiency level. We believe that our findings will provide valuable information to policymakers towards achieving an efficient public healthcare service.

药物管理是医疗保健提供系统中一个复杂但关键的过程。医疗机构的药房部门负责药品的获取、分配和配药给患者，涉及一系列网络流程。该过程可分为两个主要子过程：i) 药店和 ii) 患者服务（即门诊和住院药房）。本研究的目的是调查马来西亚公立医院药房服务的两个子流程的相对效率水平。我们使用非凸元前沿技术在动态网络数据包络分析 (DNDEA) 框架下估计专科和非专科医院类别之间医院药房的技术效率。为了整体效率，专家和非专家类别的平均效率得分相似。然而，当分别根据药店和患者服务衡量效率水平时，非专科医生类别在药店的平均效率得分更高，而在患者服务效率方面，两个类别的结果相似。患者服务效率水平随着时间的推移持续降低，表明医院药房的整体效率低下很大程度上受患者服务效率低下的影响。这表明，系统地提高患者服务效率应该比药店效率更重要，以进一步提高整体效率水平。