In light of the historical circumstances surrounding Anton Chekhov's early writing career and his own statements about the importance of medicine to it, there is surprisingly little scholarship on how medicine shaped his prose. What ideas was he introduced to in medical school and how did he apply them? Which of these drew his attention as he strove to articulate a new artistic vision? How did Chekhov draw on his experience with medicine to experiment with new themes and forms in his literary writing? This article addresses these questions by focusing on the aspects of medicine that had the most discernable influence on Chekhov as he developed his literary writing: hygiene, clinical medicine, and psychiatry. It argues that Chekhov engaged with core issues of medicine not only as a medical student who wrote case histories of his patients, but also as a groundbreaking writer. As he transcodes insights from the clinic into his prose, he creates a new conception of details that disclose relationships between settings and characters and an environmental psychology emerges across his medical writing and fiction. His stories envision relationships between physical and mental life with such originality that he becomes a new literary force not long after completing his medical education.

中文翻译：

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契诃夫的环境心理学：医学和早期故事

鉴于安东·契诃夫早期写作生涯的历史背景以及他自己关于医学对其重要性的陈述，令人惊讶的是，关于医学如何塑造他的散文的学术研究很少。他在医学院被介绍了哪些想法，他是如何应用这些想法的？当他努力表达一种新的艺术视野时，其中哪一个引起了他的注意？契诃夫如何利用他的医学经验在他的文学作品中尝试新的主题和形式？本文通过关注对契诃夫的文学写作产生最明显影响的医学方面来解决这些问题：卫生学、临床医学和精神病学。它认为契诃夫不仅作为一名为他的病人写病历的医科学生参与了医学的核心问题，同时也是一位开创性的作家。当他将来自诊所的见解转换成他的散文时，他创造了一种新的细节概念，揭示了环境和人物之间的关系，并且在他的医学著作和小说中出现了一种环境心理学。他的故事以独创性的方式设想了身心生活之间的关系，以至于他在完成医学教育后不久就成为了一股新的文学力量。