Underground structures/machines may undergo upward and downward movements due to construction activities or environmental changes. The ground state could be significantly disturbed by previous construction and subsequent structural movements. In this study, alternant active and passive trapdoor tests simulating the ground disturbance were conducted to explore the progressive failure of the overlying soil using a self-developed particle image velocimetry system. The evolution of load, characteristic of soil movement, propagation of shear bands, evolution of failure zones, and volumetric change behavior were obtained and interpreted to better understand the progressive failure of soil. Four typical progressive failure modes (e.g., local punching shear failure and tensile failure) corresponding to different disturbance paths were identified and compared with the classical active or passive arching mechanisms. The results showed that the degradation of the arching effect will occur, whether in subsequent active or passive state. Prediction of the load on the structure based on classical arching mechanism could significantly deviate real load. Meanwhile, a much larger surface settlement and settlement range were observed compared to that of classical active state with the same ground loss value. Further, the effect of the previous ground disturbance on the progressive failure mechanisms was interpreted by the dilative and contractive behavior of the overlying soil. This study provides a profound basis for estimation of the life-cycle load on underground structures and prediction of ground deformation in view of the ground elevation or erosion collapse caused by subsequent engineering activities and changes in the surrounding environmental condition.

由于施工活动或环境变化，地下结构/机器可能会向上和向下移动。先前的施工和随后的结构运动可能会严重干扰基态。在这项研究中，进行了模拟地面扰动的交替主动和被动活板门测试，以利用自行开发的粒子图像测速系统探索上覆土壤的渐进破坏。获得并解释了荷载的演变，土壤运动的特征，剪切带的传播，破坏带的演变以及体积变化行为，以更好地理解土壤的渐进破坏。四种典型的渐进式故障模式（例如，确定了与不同扰动路径相对应的局部冲切剪切破坏和拉伸破坏），并将其与经典的主动或被动拱形机制进行了比较。结果表明，无论是在随后的主动还是被动状态下，都将发生拱起效应的下降。基于经典拱形机制的结构载荷预测可能会大大偏离实际载荷。同时，与具有相同地面损耗值的经典活性状态相比，观察到更大的表面沉降和沉降范围。此外，以前的地面扰动对渐进破坏机制的影响可以通过上覆土壤的扩张和收缩行为来解释。