We used time series, diet studies and angler surveys to examine the potential for conflict in brackish lagoon fisheries of the southern Baltic Sea in Germany, specifically focusing on interactions among commercial and recreational fisheries as well as fisheries and cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis). For the time period between 2011 and 2015, commercial fisheries were responsible for the largest total fish biomass extraction (5,300 t per year), followed by cormorants (2,394 t per year) and recreational fishers (966 t per year). Commercial fishing dominated the removals of most marine and diadromous fish, specifically herring (Clupea harengus), while cormorants dominated the biomass extraction of smaller-bodied coastal freshwater fish, specifically perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). Pike (Esox lucius) as large-bodied freshwater fish was the only species where recreational fisheries were responsible for the major fraction of the annual biomass extraction. A strong trophic overlap and hence a similar foraging niche was documented among commercial fishers and recreational anglers and among non-resident and resident anglers, indicating that the aversion expressed by anglers against commercial fisheries in a survey had an objective underpinning related to resource competition. By contrast, the foraging niches of cormorants and of both fishers and anglers differed strongly as evidenced by largely non-overlapping sets of species that were caught and removed by cormorants and by commercial as well as recreational fishers. However, for individual species of commercial and recreational interest, specifically perch, cormorants were responsible for a major fraction of total biomass extraction, suggesting that at the individual fish species level competition with fishers and anglers may still occur. In an angler survey, respondents expressed a preference for cormorant control, indicating the existence of conflict between fisheries and cormorants. We recommend that conflicts in the lagoon fisheries be proactively managed, e.g., through improved communication, zoning, predator control and outreach. Further research should clarify the population-level impacts of cormorants on target species of commercial and recreational fisheries as well as the relative impact of commercial and recreational fisheries on selected species of joint interest.

我们用时间序列，饮食研究和垂钓者调查，以了解在南部波罗的海在德国的半咸水泻湖渔业冲突的可能性，特别是侧重于商业和休闲渔业以及渔业和鸬鹚（间的相互作用普通鸬鹚沉香）。在2011年至2015年这段时间内，商业渔业的鱼类生物质总提取量最大（每年5300吨），其次是cor（每年2394吨）和休闲渔民（每年966吨）。商业捕捞主要是对大部分海洋和淡水鱼类的去除，特别是鲱鱼（Clupea harengus），而cor鱼则占较小体沿海淡水鱼（尤其是鲈鱼）生物量的提取量（Perca fluviatilis）和蟑螂（Rutilus rut​​ilus）。派克（Esox lucius），因为淡水鱼是大型渔业中唯一的一种，其中休闲渔业是每年生物量提取的主要部分。商业渔民和休闲垂钓者之间以及非居民和居民垂钓者之间有很强的营养重叠，因此也有类似的觅食利基，表明调查中钓鱼者对商业渔业的厌恶客观上与资源竞争有关。相比之下，mor的捕猎生态位以及渔民和垂钓者的利基差异很大，这主要是由largely，商业渔民和休闲渔民捕获和移走的大部分非重叠物种构成的。但是，对于具有商业和娱乐意义的单个物种，特别是鲈鱼，biomass是总生物量提取的主要部分，这表明在单个鱼类物种水平上，与渔民和垂钓者的竞争仍可能发生。在钓鱼者调查中，受访者表示更愿意控制preference，这表明渔业和cor之间存在冲突。我们建议积极管理泻湖渔业中的冲突，例如，通过改善沟通，分区，捕食者控制和外展活动。进一步的研究应阐明the对商业和休闲渔业目标物种的种群影响，以及商业和休闲渔业对共同感兴趣的选定物种的相对影响。这表明在个别鱼类种类上，仍可能与渔民和垂钓者竞争。在钓鱼者调查中，受访者表示更愿意控制preference，这表明渔业和cor之间存在冲突。我们建议积极管理泻湖渔业中的冲突，例如，通过改善沟通，分区，捕食者控制和外展活动。进一步的研究应阐明the对商业和休闲渔业目标物种的种群影响，以及商业和休闲渔业对共同感兴趣的选定物种的相对影响。这表明，在个别鱼类种类上，与渔民和垂钓者的竞争仍可能发生。在钓鱼者调查中，受访者表示更愿意控制preference，这表明渔业和cor之间存在冲突。我们建议积极管理泻湖渔业中的冲突，例如，通过改善沟通，分区，捕食者控制和外展活动。进一步的研究应阐明the对商业和休闲渔业目标物种的种群影响，以及商业和休闲渔业对共同感兴趣的选定物种的相对影响。我们建议积极管理泻湖渔业中的冲突，例如，通过改善沟通，分区，捕食者控制和外展活动。进一步的研究应阐明the对商业和休闲渔业目标物种的种群影响，以及商业和休闲渔业对共同感兴趣的选定物种的相对影响。我们建议积极管理泻湖渔业中的冲突，例如，通过改善沟通，分区，捕食者控制和外展活动。进一步的研究应阐明the对商业和休闲渔业目标物种的种群影响，以及商业和休闲渔业对共同感兴趣的选定物种的相对影响。