Genetic diversity is enhanced by introgressing wild germplasm into breeding lines and populations. Such introgression, however, commonly introduces wild traits that must be removed by backcrossing and selection before lines are useful for elite breeding programs. Selection against wild characteristics is expected to reduce genetic diversity in introgressed lines. However, the effect of such selection on genetic diversity has not been evaluated for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, genetic diversity was determined for 24 germplasm releases derived from cultivated sugarbeet × wild sea beet [B. vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.] crosses after multiple selection cycles for cultivated traits and compared to the diversity of their wild parents and cultivated sugarbeet lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. Diversity in germplasm derived from wild × cultivated hybrids was intermediate of wild and cultivated lines in observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and the number of alleles, private alleles, and low frequency alleles. Principal component and neighbor joining analyses demonstrated that wild × cultivated-derived germplasm shared greater similarity with cultivated germplasm than to their wild parents, while STRUCTURE analysis indicated that wild × cultivated-derived germplasm was an admixture of wild and cultivated-derived germplasm. Diversity, therefore, was enhanced in germplasm derived from wild × cultivated hybrids, although selection for cultivated traits reduced the diversity added by introgression with wild accessions. Nevertheless, the enhanced genetic diversity in germplasm releases derived from wild × cultivated hybrids identify these lines as a resource for unique genes and alleles to improve crop productivity, adaptation, and disease tolerance in sugarbeet.

通过将野生种质渗入育种系和种群来增强遗传多样性。然而，这种渗入通常会引入野生性状，在品系可用于优良育种计划之前，必须通过回交和选择将其去除。预期针对野生特性的选择会减少渗入系的遗传多样性。然而，在遗传多样性这样的选择的效果尚未评估甜菜（甜菜L.）。因此，确定了栽培甜菜×野生海用甜菜[ B. vulgaris亚种]衍生的24种种质的遗传多样性。马里蒂马（L.）Arcang。]经过多个选择周期的杂交后代进行杂交，并通过简单序列重复（SSR）分析与其野生亲本和栽培甜菜品系的多样性进行比较。在观察到的杂合性，近交系数以及等位基因，私人等位基因和低频等位基因的数量上，来自野生×栽培杂种的种质资源的多样性介于野生和栽培品系的中间。主成分和邻居加入分析表明，野生×栽培种质与栽培种质比其野生亲本具有更大的相似性，而结构分析表明野生×栽培种质是野生和栽培种质的混合物。因此，来自野生×栽培杂种的种质资源的多样性得到了增强，尽管对栽培性状的选择减少了与野生种的渗入增加的多样性。然而，从野生×栽培杂种获得的种质释放的遗传多样性增强，将这些品系确定为独特基因和等位基因的资源，以提高甜菜的作物生产力，适应性和抗病性。