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Environmental tradeoffs in municipal wastewater treatment plant upgrade: a life cycle perspective
Environmental Science and Pollution Research ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13004-7
Shuai Shao 1, 2, 3 , Hailin Mu 1 , Arturo A Keller 2 , Yi Yang 4, 5 , Haochen Hou 3 , Fenglin Yang 3 , Yun Zhang 3
Affiliation  

Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an indispensable role in improving environmental water quality in urban areas. Existing WWTPs, however, are an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and may not be able to treat increasingly complicated wastewater or meet stringent environmental standards. These WWTPs can be updated to address these challenges, and different technologies are available but with potentially different environmental implications. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used approach to identify alternatives with lower environmental footprint. In this study, LCA was applied to an actual urban WWTP, considering four scenarios involving upgrading and energy-resource recovery. The environmental performance with respect to life cycle GHG emissions and eutrophication impact was analyzed. The environmental benefits of reduced water pollution and energy and material displacement associated with energy-resource recovery process were also considered. The results showed tradeoffs among the four scenarios. Although upgrading the studied WWTP would meet discharge standard for total phosphorus and reduce total eutrophication impact by about 19%, it would increase GHG emissions by at least 16%. Besides, the energy-resource recovery mode for existing WWTP (S2) performs the best in terms of GHG emissions. For different biogas utilization methods, combined heat and power (CHP) system is superior to the existing method of delivering biogas to gas grid, in terms of energy recovery or reduction of GHG emissions and eutrophication impact. Our research results may provide a reference for plant managers to select the most environmentally friendly upgrade scheme and energy-resource recovery technique for future upgrade projects.



中文翻译:

市政污水处理厂升级中的环境权衡:生命周期观点

市政废水处理厂(WWTP)在改善城市环境水质方面起着不可或缺的作用。但是,现有的污水处理厂是温室气体(GHG)排放的重要来源,可能无法处理日益复杂的废水或无法达到严格的环境标准。这些污水处理厂可以进行更新以应对这些挑战,可以使用不同的技术,但对环境的影响可能不同。生命周期评估(LCA)是一种广泛使用的方法,用于确定具有较低环境足迹的替代方案。在本研究中,考虑了涉及升级和能源回收的四种方案,将LCA应用于实际的城市污水处理厂。分析了有关生命周期温室气体排放和富营养化影响的环境绩效。还考虑了减少水污染以及与能源回收过程相关的能源和材料置换所带来的环境效益。结果显示了这四种方案之间的权衡。尽管升级研究的污水处理厂可以满足总磷的排放标准,并将总富营养化影响降低约19%,但它将使温室气体排放量至少增加16%。此外,现有的污水处理厂(S2)的能源回收模式在温室气体排放方面表现最佳。对于不同的沼气利用方法,就能量回收或减少温室气体排放和富营养化影响而言,热电联产(CHP)系统优于将沼气输送至燃气网的现有方法。

更新日期:2021-03-04
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