Abstract

Gut microbes have attracted much more attentions in the recent decade since their essential roles in the development of metabolic diseases, cancer and neurological diseases. Considerable evidence indicates that the metabolism of gut microbes exert influences on intestinal homeostasis and human diseases. Here, we first reviewed two mainstream sequencing technologies involving 16s rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing for gut microbes, and data analysis methods assessing alpha and beta diversity. Next, we introduced some observational studies reflecting that many factors, such as lifestyle and intake of diets, drugs, contribute to gut microbes’ quantity and diversity. Then, metabolites produced by gut microbes were presented to understand that gut microbes exert on host homeostasis in the intestinal epithelium and immune system. Finally, we focused on the molecular mechanism of gut microbes on the occurrence and development of several common diseases. In-depth knowledge of the relationship among interventions, gut microbes and diseases might provide new insights in to disease prevention and treatment.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物综合综述：技术、干预、代谢物和疾病

摘要

近几十年来，肠道微生物在代谢疾病、癌症和神经系统疾病的发展中发挥着重要作用，因此引起了越来越多的关注。大量证据表明，肠道微生物的代谢对肠道稳态和人类疾病产生影响。在这里，我们首先回顾了两种主流测序技术，涉及肠道微生物的 16s rRNA 测序和宏基因组测序，以及评估 alpha 和 beta 多样性的数据分析方法。接下来，我们介绍了一些观察性研究，反映了许多因素，例如生活方式和饮食、药物的摄入量，都会影响肠道微生物的数量和多样性。然后，展示了肠道微生物产生的代谢物，以了解肠道微生物对肠道上皮和免疫系统中的宿主稳态发挥作用。最后，我们重点研究了肠道微生物在几种常见疾病发生发展中的分子机制。对干预措施、肠道微生物和疾病之间关系的深入了解可能为疾病预防和治疗提供新的见解。