BackgroundThis meta-analysis on peripheral blood compounds in drug-naïve first-episode patients with either schizophrenia or major depressive disorder (MDD) examined which compounds change following psychopharmacological treatment.MethodsThe Embase, PubMed and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched for longitudinal studies reporting measurements of blood compounds in drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia or MDD.ResultsFor this random-effects meta-analysis, we retrieved a total of 31 studies comprising 1818 schizophrenia patients, and 14 studies comprising 469 MDD patients. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increased following treatment in schizophrenia (Hedges' g (g): 0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.70; p < 0.001) and MDD (g: 0.51; CI 0.06–0.96; p = 0.027). Interleukin (IL)-6 levels decreased in schizophrenia (g: −0.48; CI −0.85 to −0.11; p = 0.011), and for MDD a trend of decreased IL-6 levels was observed (g: −0.39; CI −0.87 to 0.09; p = 0.115). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) also decreased in schizophrenia (g: −0.34; CI −0.68 to −0.01; p = 0.047) and in MDD (g: −1.02; CI −1.79 to −0.25; p = 0.009). Fasting glucose levels increased only in schizophrenia (g: 0.26; CI 0.07–0.44; p = 0.007), but not in MDD. No changes were found for C-reactive protein, IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-4.ConclusionsPsychopharmacological treatment has modulating effects on BDNF and TNFα in drug-naïve first-episode patients with either schizophrenia or MDD. These findings support efforts for further research into transdiagnostic preventive strategies and augmentation therapy for those with immune dysfunctions.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症或重度抑郁症初治首发患者精神药理学治疗后外周血化合物的变化：荟萃分析

背景这项对初治精神分裂症或重度抑郁症 (MDD) 患者外周血化合物的荟萃分析检查了哪些化合物在精神药理学治疗后发生变化。未经药物治疗的首发精神分裂症或 MDD 中的血液化合物。 结果对于这项随机效应荟萃分析，我们检索了总共 31 项研究，包括 1818 名精神分裂症患者和 14 项研究，包括 469 名 MDD 患者。精神分裂症治疗后脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 增加 (Hedges'G(G): 0.55; 95% 置信区间 (CI) 0.39–0.70；p< 0.001) 和 MDD (G: 0.51; CI 0.06–0.96;p= 0.027)。精神分裂症患者的白细胞介素 (IL)-6 水平降低 (G：-0.48；CI -0.85 至 -0.11；p= 0.011），对于 MDD，观察到 IL-6 水平下降的趋势（G: -0.39; CI -0.87 至 0.09；p= 0.115)。肿瘤坏死因子α（TNFα）在精神分裂症中也减少了（G：-0.34；CI -0.68 至 -0.01；p= 0.047) 和 MDD (G：-1.02；CI -1.79 至 -0.25；p= 0.009)。空腹血糖水平仅在精神分裂症患者中增加（G: 0.26; CI 0.07–0.44；p= 0.007)，但在 MDD 中没有。未发现 C 反应蛋白 IL-1 发生变化β，IL-2和IL-4。结论精神药理学治疗对BDNF和TNF具有调节作用α在患有精神分裂症或 MDD 的未用药首发患者中。这些发现支持进一步研究针对免疫功能障碍患者的跨诊断预防策略和增强疗法。