Early theorists understood the family as a key institution in the production of gender and sexuality. In this paper, I trace the development of this line of thought and review parents' role in shaping children's gender and sexuality over the life course. I first describe the three most prominent theoretical frameworks used to locate parents in these studies: psychoanalysis, socialization, and interactional approaches. In doing so, I illuminate the contributions of each theory to sociological thought on children's gender and sexuality while pointing to weaknesses with psychoanalysis and socialization. I then discuss how parents influence children's development and performance of gender and heterosexuality, paying attention to variations based on race, class, gender, and sexuality. Based on the current state of the literature, I suggest that we sociologists should diversify our methodological approaches in this area, attend to how changes in families correspond to changes in parents' role in shaping children's gender and sexuality, and grapple with how children's performances of gender and sexuality influence parents' performances of gender and sexuality.

中文翻译：

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家庭作为性别与性工厂：文献综述及未来发展方向

早期的理论家将家庭视为生产性别和性行为的关键机构。在本文中，我追踪了这种思维方式的发展，并回顾了父母在塑造孩子的性别和性行为的过程中所扮演的角色。我首先描述在这些研究中用于定位父母的三个最突出的理论框架：心理分析，社会化和互动方法。通过这样做，我阐明了每种理论对有关儿童性别和性行为的社会学思想的贡献，同时指出了心理分析和社会化的弱点。然后，我将讨论父母如何影响孩子的性别和异性恋发育以及他们的表现，并注意基于种族，阶级，性别和性取向的差异。根据目前的文献资料，