ABSTRACT

Agricultural practices that are water-saving and high-yielding are vital to sustainable development. We investigated two planting patterns and two tillage methods in four winter wheat growing seasons in North China Plain (NCP). They’re conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) under wide-precision planting (W) and conventional planting (C). Soil water content, dry matter accumulation (DM), grain yield (GY), chlorophyll content index (CCI), photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) interception were determined. We found W significantly increased the CCI, PAR interception, DM, and spikes number compared with C. The soil water content in 20–90 cm soil layer under NT was higher than that under CT. Both maximum water use efficiency of leaves (WUE_L) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) were significantly greater under W compared with C, resulting in a higher GY. Furthermore, the Pn and spikes number were significantly higher under CT than under NT, with crop GY being higher under CT than under NT. However, the combination of NT and W showed higher WUE_L and RUE that were not significantly different among treatments from NT to CT. Furthermore, the highest DM and RUE were observed in NTW treatment, with W compensating for the adverse effect of NT.

摘要

节水高产的农业实践对可持续发展至关重要。我们调查了华北平原（NCP）四个冬小麦生长季节的两种种植模式和两种耕作方法。它们分别是宽精种植（W）和常规种植（C）下的常规耕作（CT）和免耕（NT）。测定了土壤含水量、干物质积累（DM）、粮食产量（GY）、叶绿素含量指数（CCI）、光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和光合有效辐射（PAR）截留。我们发现与C相比，W显着增加了CCI、PAR截留、DM和穗数。NT下20-90 cm土层的土壤含水量高于CT下。叶片最大水分利用效率（WUE _L) 和辐射利用效率 (RUE) 在 W 下显着高于 C，导致更高的 GY。此外，CT下的Pn和穗数显着高于NT，CT下的作物GY高于NT。然而，NT 和 W 的组合显示出更高的 WUE _L和 RUE，这在从 NT 到 CT 的处理之间没有显着差异。此外，在 NTW 治疗中观察到最高的 DM 和 RUE，W 补偿了 NT 的不利影响。