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Changes in pastoral mobility in a semi-arid montane region of South Africa: The role of policy and legislation
African Journal of Range & Forage Science ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 , DOI: 10.2989/10220119.2020.1861096
M Igshaan Samuels 1, 2, 3 , Nicky Allsopp 4 , M Timm Hoffman 2
Affiliation  

Legislation and policy are key tools used by governments to change the socio-economic and political landscape of agrarian systems with consequences for mobile pastoralism. This study used the social-ecological systems framework to examine how pastoral mobility in the semi-arid, montane communal rangeland in South Africa adapted to the changing socio-political landscape. It analysed the impact of apartheid and democratic era legislation and policies over the past 70 years. Apartheid legislation promoted betterment planning and the privatisation of communal lands by awarding access to most of the grazing areas to a few wealthier pastoralists. This led to increased stocking densities and further restriction of herd mobility when the majority of herds were restricted to fewer grazing camps. Democratic era land reform policies continue to advocate for the modernisation and sedentarisation of pastoral practices. The persistence of mobility among livestock keepers despite discriminatory policy interventions suggests that this is a particularly resilient and necessary element of their practices. We argue that agricultural legislation and policies regarding livestock farming should promote landscape connectivity to allow mobile pastoralists to access variable resources. Connected landscapes should be viewed as alternative ways to modernising pastoralism and these should prevent elite capture when the land is subdivided.



中文翻译:

南非半干旱山地地区牧民流动的变化:政策和立法的作用

立法和政策是政府用来改变农业系统的社会经济和政治面貌的关键工具,从而对流动的畜牧业产生影响。这项研究使用了社会生态系统框架,研究了南非半干旱,山地公共牧场的牧民流动如何适应不断变化的社会政治格局。它分析了种族隔离和民主时代的立法和政策在过去70年中的影响。种族隔离立法通过授予一些较富裕的牧民进入大部分牧场的机会,促进了改善计划和公共土地的私有化。当大多数牛群被限制在较少的放牧营地时,这导致放牧密度增加,并且进一步限制了牛群的流动性。民主时代的土地改革政策继续倡导牧业实践的现代化和世俗化。尽管采取了歧视性的政策干预措施,但畜牧饲养者之间的流动性仍然存在,这表明这是其实践中特别有弹性和必要的要素。我们认为,有关畜牧业的农业立法和政策应促进景观的连通性,以允许流动的牧民获得可变的资源。连通的景观应被视为实现牧民现代化的替代方式,并且在土地被分割时应防止精英捕获。尽管采取了歧视性的政策干预措施,但畜牧饲养者之间的流动性仍然存在,这表明这是其实践中特别具有弹性和必要性的要素。我们认为,有关畜牧业的农业立法和政策应促进景观的连通性,以允许流动的牧民获得可变的资源。连通的景观应被视为实现牧民现代化的替代方式,并且在土地被分割时应防止精英捕获。尽管采取了歧视性的政策干预措施,但畜牧饲养者之间的流动性仍然存在,这表明这是其实践中特别具有弹性和必要性的要素。我们认为,有关畜牧业的农业立法和政策应促进景观的连通性,以允许流动的牧民获得可变的资源。连通的景观应被视为实现牧民现代化的替代方式,并且在土地被分割时应防止精英捕获。

更新日期:2021-03-03
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