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SWATH-MS proteomics and postharvest analyses of mangosteen ripening revealed intricate regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis
Postharvest Biology and Technology ( IF 7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 , DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2021.111493
Ili Nadhirah Jamil , Salahuddin Sanusi , Mukram Mohamed Mackeen , Normah Mohd Noor , Wan Mohd Aizat

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit with numerous beneficial properties such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial activity. This is due to the presence of potent secondary metabolites such as phenolics, and xanthones, which are differentially accumulated during ripening. However, the molecular regulation that governs mangosteen ripening and hence metabolic changes has not been fully elucidated, especially at the proteome level. This study details the first proteomic report on mangosteen ripening, particularly utilizing Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical-Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) analysis. Furthermore, postharvest analyses such as color changes, fruit firmness, anthocyanin content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, soluble solid content and titratable acidity were performed to further corroborate the proteome changes. Out of 3397 total identified proteins, 277 proteins were statistically measured as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and grouped into eight different expression clusters by k-means clustering analysis. Some of the key DEPs involved in ripening-related biological processes include 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) (ethylene biosynthesis), pyruvate kinase (PK) (carbohydrate metabolism), polygalacturonase (PG) (cell wall modification) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) (secondary metabolite biosynthesis) which displayed increasing expression patterns during early (Stage 0 to Stage 2) and/or late (Stage 2 to Stage 6) ripening period. Coherently, the protein trends were also mostly consistent with the recorded postharvest characteristics, highlighting the underlying regulation contributing to the physiological changes of this unique fruit. Interestingly, all five benzophenone synthases (BPS) proteins involved in xanthone biosynthesis were not differentially expressed, speculating that other enzymes within this pathway could be responsible for the compound regulation. Future work should identify and characterize poorly annotated proteins within this dataset to further enrich key metabolic pathways of this species such as the xanthone pathway. Nevertheless, the use of SWATH-MS for proteomics analysis on this non-model fruit has enabled us to comprehend the dynamicity and complexity of its ripening process. This report will certainly aid future molecular research in mangosteen and ultimately contribute to the advancement in postharvest ripening control and preservation of this fruit. The proteome data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006295.



中文翻译:

SWATH-MS蛋白质组学和山竹成熟的收获后分析显示,碳水化合物代谢和次级代谢产物生物合成的调控复杂

山竹(山竹)L.)是一种热带水果,具有多种有益特性,例如抗癌,抗氧化和抗微生物活性。这是由于存在有效的次级代谢产物(例如酚类和氧杂蒽酮),它们在成熟过程中会不同程度地积累。但是,尚未完全阐明控制山竹成熟并因此代谢变化的分子调控,尤其是在蛋白质组水平上。这项研究详细介绍了关于山竹果成熟的第一份蛋白质组学报告,特别是利用了所有理论质量质谱的连续窗口采集(SWATH-MS)分析。此外,还进行了收获后分析,例如颜色变化,果实硬度,花色苷含量,总酚含量,抗氧化剂活性,可溶性固形物含量和可滴定的酸度,以进一步证实蛋白质组的变化。ķ-均值聚类分析。与成熟相关的生物过程中涉及的一些关键DEP包括1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸氧化酶(ACO)(乙烯生物合成),丙酮酸激酶(PK)(碳水化合物代谢),聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)(细胞壁修饰)和苯丙氨酸氨裂解酶(PAL)(二次代谢物的生物合成),在成熟的早期(0期至2期)和/或后期(2期至6期)表现出增加的表达模式。连贯地,蛋白质趋势也大部分与所记录的采后特性一致,突出了导致这种独特果实生理变化的潜在调控。有趣的是,参与黄酮生物合成的所有五个二苯甲酮合酶(BPS)蛋白都没有差异表达,推测该途径中的其他酶可能负责化合物的调控。未来的工作应该在该数据集中识别和标记注释不充分的蛋白质,以进一步丰富该物种的关键代谢途径,如the吨酮途径。然而,使用SWATH-MS对这种非模型水果进行蛋白质组学分析使我们能够理解其成熟过程的动态性和复杂性。该报告无疑将有助于山竹的未来分子研究,并最终为该果实的采后成熟控制和保存的发展做出贡献。蛋白质组数据可通过ProteomeXchange获得,其标识符为PXD006295。未来的工作应该在该数据集中识别和标记注释不充分的蛋白质,以进一步丰富该物种的关键代谢途径,如the吨酮途径。然而,使用SWATH-MS对这种非模型水果进行蛋白质组学分析使我们能够理解其成熟过程的动态性和复杂性。该报告无疑将有助于山竹的未来分子研究,并最终为该果实的采后成熟控制和保存的发展做出贡献。蛋白质组数据可通过ProteomeXchange获得,其标识符为PXD006295。未来的工作应该在该数据集中识别和标记注释不充分的蛋白质,以进一步丰富该物种的关键代谢途径,如the吨酮途径。然而,使用SWATH-MS对这种非模型水果进行蛋白质组学分析使我们能够理解其成熟过程的动态性和复杂性。该报告无疑将有助于山竹的未来分子研究,并最终为该果实的采后成熟控制和保存的发展做出贡献。蛋白质组数据可通过ProteomeXchange获得,其标识符为PXD006295。该报告无疑将有助于山竹的未来分子研究,并最终为该果实的采后成熟控制和保存的发展做出贡献。蛋白质组数据可通过ProteomeXchange获得,其标识符为PXD006295。该报告无疑将有助于山竹的未来分子研究,并最终为该果实的采后成熟控制和保存的发展做出贡献。蛋白质组数据可通过ProteomeXchange获得,其标识符为PXD006295。

更新日期:2021-03-03
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