Stent implantation has become one of the most widely used methods for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, endothelial dysfunction and abnormal inflammatory response following implantation may lead to delayed re-endothelialization, resulting in vascular restenosis and stent thrombus. To address the concerns, we constructed nanospindles composed of TiO₂ and Ti₄Ni₂O through hydrothermal treatment of amorphous Ni-Ti-O nanopores anodically grown on NiTi alloy. The results show the treatment can significantly improve hydrophilicity and reduce Ni ion release, essentially independent of hydrothermal duration. The nanospindle surfaces not only promote the expression of endothelial functionality but also activate macrophages to induce a favorable immune response, downregulate pro-inflammatory M1 markers and upregulate pro-healing M2 markers. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, VEGF secretion, and migration of endothelial cells are enhanced after cultured in macrophage conditioned medium. The nanospindles thus are promising as vascular stent coatings to promote re-endothelization.

支架植入已成为治疗心血管疾病的最广泛使用的方法之一。但是，植入后内皮功能障碍和异常的炎症反应可能导致延迟的重新内皮化，导致血管再狭窄和支架血栓。为了解决这些问题，我们构建了由TiO ₂和Ti ₄ Ni ₂组成的纳米纺锤通过水热处理在NiTi合金上阳极生长的非晶态Ni-Ti-O纳米孔形成O。结果表明，该处理可显着提高亲水性并减少Ni离子的释放，基本上与水热持续时间无关。纳米纺锤体表面不仅促进内皮功能的表达，而且还激活巨噬细胞以诱导良好的免疫反应，下调促炎性M1标记并上调促愈M2标记。此外，在巨噬细胞条件培养基中培养后，一氧化氮（NO）的合成，VEGF的分泌和内皮细胞的迁移得到增强。因此，纳米纺锤有望用作血管支架涂层以促进再内皮化。