Marine ecosystems across the world's largest ocean – the Pacific Ocean – are being increasingly affected by stressors such as pollution, overfishing, ocean acidification, coastal development and warming events coupled with rising sea levels and increasing frequency of extreme weather. These anthropogenic-driven stressors, which operate cumulatively at varying spatial and temporal scales, are leading to ongoing and pervasive degradation of many marine ecosystems in the Pacific Island region. The effects of global warming and ocean acidification threaten much of the region and impact on the socio-cultural, environmental, economic and human health components of many Pacific Island nations. Simultaneously, resilience to climate change is being reduced as systems are overburdened by other stressors, such as marine and land-based pollution and unsustainable fishing. Consequently, it is important to understand the vulnerability of this region to future environmental scenarios and determine to what extent management actions can help protect, and rebuild ecosystem resilience and maintain ecosystem service provision.

This Special Issue of papers explores many of these pressures through case studies across the Pacific Island region, and the impacts of individual and cumulative pressures on the condition, resilience and survival of ecosystems and the communities that depend on them. The papers represent original work from across the tropical Pacific oceanscape, an area that includes 22 Pacific Island countries and territories plus Hawaii and the Philippines. The 39 papers within provide insights on anthropogenic pressures and habitat responses at local, national, and regional scales. The themes range from coastal water quality and human health, assessment of status and trends for marine habitats (e.g. seagrass and coral reefs), and the interaction of local pressures (pollution, overfishing) with increasing temperatures and climate variability. Studies within the Special Issue highlight how local actions, monitoring, tourism values, management, policy and incentives can encourage adaptation to anthropogenic impacts. Conclusions identify possible solutions to support sustainable and harmonious environment and social systems in the unique Pacific Island oceanscape.

世界上最大的海洋（太平洋）的海洋生态系统正日益受到压力，诸如过度污染，过度捕捞，海洋酸化，沿海发展和变暖事件以及海平面上升和极端天气频率增加等压力的影响。这些由人为驱动的压力源在不同的时空尺度上累积运行，正在导致太平洋岛屿地区许多海洋生态系统持续不断地退化。全球变暖和海洋酸化的影响威胁到该区域的大部分地区，并对许多太平洋岛国的社会文化，环境，经济和人类健康构成影响。同时，由于其他压力源给系统带来了沉重负担，抵御气候变化的能力也在降低，例如海洋和陆地污染以及不可持续的捕鱼。因此，重要的是要了解该地区对未来环境情景的脆弱性，并确定管理行动可以在多大程度上帮助保护和重建生态系统的弹性，并维持生态系统服务的提供。

本期专刊通过跨太平洋岛地区的案例研究探索了许多压力，以及个体压力和累积压力对生态系统以及依赖它们的社区的状况，复原力和生存的影响。这些论文代表了整个热带太平洋海洋景观的原创作品，该地区包括22个太平洋岛国和地区以及夏威夷和菲律宾。其中的39篇论文提供了有关人为压力和栖息地响应的地方，国家和地区范围的见识。主题包括沿海水质和人类健康，评估海洋生境（例如海草和珊瑚礁）的状况和趋势，以及局部压力（污染，过度捕捞）与温度升高和气候变化之间的相互作用。特刊中的研究强调了地方行动，监测，旅游价值，管理，政策和激励措施如何能够鼓励适应人为影响。结论确定了可能的解决方案，以支持独特的太平洋岛国海洋景观中的可持续，和谐的环境和社会系统。