This study leveraged the Japanese medaka fish embryo model for the assessment of effects of select contaminants on early development in fish. Fish embryos were exposed to various pharmaceutical contaminants including synthetic hormones and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their effects on development were observed. Initial screening determined that swim bladder inflation failure was the most common endpoint detected. Swim bladder inflation failure was first explored in a study demonstrating that medaka require access to the air-water interphase to inflate their swim bladders in a time-dependent manner, and swim bladder inflation failure was correlated with mortality. Fish embryos were exposed 24-hours post fertilization until hatch to concentration ranges of various pharmaceutical contaminants including: 17β-estradiol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and levonorgestrel (1 to 1000 µg/L), or diclofenac (0.32 to 100 mg/L). The main effect observed across all four compounds was a significant increase in failure of swim bladder inflation with increasing exposure concentration (24 to 72-hours post-hatch). Following single compound experiments combinatorial exposures using no-observed-effect concentrations were conducted. The main effect observed was a significant decrease in inflation success 24-hours post-hatch following a binary mixture of levonorgestrel and 17α-ethinylestradiol, as well as a significant decrease in swim bladder inflation success at all times following exposure to a quaternary mixture of all four compounds. This study demonstrated that embryonic exposure to pharmaceutical compounds, both alone and in combination, resulted in failure of swim bladder inflation in larval Japanese medaka.

这项研究利用日本高aka鱼胚胎模型来评估特定污染物对鱼类早期发育的影响。鱼胚暴露于各种药物污染物中，包括合成激素和非甾体抗炎药，并观察了它们对发育的影响。初步筛查确定游泳膀胱充气衰竭是最常见的检测终点。游泳膀胱充气衰竭首先在一项研究中进行了研究，该研究表明，花aka需要进入空气-水界面，以时间依赖的方式给游泳膀胱充气，而游泳膀胱充气衰竭与死亡率相关。受精后24小时将鱼胚暴露，直到孵化至各种药物污染物的浓度范围，包括：17β-雌二醇，17α-炔雌醇和左炔诺孕酮（1至1000 µg / L）或双氯芬酸（0.32至100 mg / L）。在所有四种化合物中观察到的主要影响是，随着暴露浓度的增加（孵化后24到72小时），游泳膀胱充气衰竭显着增加。在单一化合物实验之后，使用未观察到的效应浓度进行组合暴露。观察到的主要作用是在孵化后左炔诺孕酮和17α-炔雌醇的二元混合物使通气成功率显着降低，并且在暴露于所有四元混合物的情况下，在任何时候游泳膀胱的通气成功率均显着下降。四种化合物。这项研究表明，无论是单独使用还是组合使用，胚胎都暴露于药物中，