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Assessment of selected major and trace elements in groundwater of Lagos based on land use and implication on human health
Applied Water Science ( IF 5.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s13201-021-01383-8
Abiodun Mary Odukoya , Wiiiiams Temitope Ifarajinmi

Sixty-seven (67) groundwater samples from different land use areas such as dumpsites, industrial, markets and residential all within Lagos, southwest Nigeria, were sampled and sent to ACME Laboratories, Ontario, Canada, for geochemical analysis to determine some essential and toxic elements using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer method. The purpose was to establish baseline values for the geochemical composition of groundwater in some parts of Lagos as well as the health risk assessment. Based on essential elements, 83%, 80% and 100% of groundwater samples were deficient in Ca, Mg and Se, respectively, while 75%, 10%, 7% and 8% of samples can be categorised as soft, moderately hard, hard and very hard water, respectively. The soft water, as well as different deficiencies in water, had been linked to heart problems, impeded growth, fertility disorders and liver diseases. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Fe were higher than recommended standards in 2.94%, 1.5%, 1.5%, 29.4%, 4.4% and 4.7% of groundwater samples, respectively. Groundwater in the study area can be classified between not contaminated (< 1) to very highly contaminated (CI > 5) based on the contamination index. Highly contaminated samples were within dumpsites and industrial areas. The land-use activities have a direct or indirect impact on groundwater quality. The apparent sources of groundwater pollutants include industrial discharge, effluents, leachates and municipal wastes. The result of total health risk index for both ingestion and dermal exposure to water showed values far > 1 for all the toxic elements and generally pose non-carcinogenic health risk hazards for child and adult population in the study area. THI for samples from residential, market, industrial and dumpsites showed mean values of (9.60 and 3.75), (14.17 and 5.37), (9.8 and 3.4) and 95.44 and 37.48) for child and adult population, respectively. The degree of contamination in groundwater showed the following trends: dumpsite > industrial > markets > residential in the study area.



中文翻译:

根据土地利用和对人类健康的影响评估拉各斯地下水中选定的主要和微量元素

来自尼日利亚西南部拉各斯的不同土地利用区域(如垃圾场,工业,市场和住宅)的六十七(67)个地下水样本已采样,并送往加拿大安大略省ACME实验室进行地球化学分析,以确定某些基本和有毒物质元素采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪方法。目的是为拉各斯某些地区的地下水地球化学组成以及健康风险评估建立基线值。根据基本元素,分别有83%,80%和100%的地下水样本中的Ca,Mg和Se不足,而75%,10%,7%和8%的样本可分为软,中硬,分别是硬水和非常硬的水。软水以及各种水缺乏与心脏问题,生长发育受阻,生育障碍和肝脏疾病。在地下水样品中,As,Cd,Cr,Pb,Ni和Fe的浓度分别高于推荐标准,分别为2.94%,1.5%,1.5%,29.4%,4.4%和4.7%。根据污染指数,研究区域中的地下水可分为未污染(<1)和高度污染(CI> 5)之间。高度污染的样品位于垃圾场和工业区内。土地利用活动对地下水质量有直接或间接的影响。地下水污染物的表观来源包括工业废水,废水,渗滤液和城市废物。摄食和皮肤接触水的总健康风险指数的结果表明,其值远远大于 所有有毒元素均为1,通常对研究区域的儿童和成人人口构成非致癌的健康风险。来自居民,市场,工业和垃圾场的样本的THI分别显示儿童和成人人口的平均值(9.60和3.75),(14.17和5.37),(9.8和3.4)和95.44和37.48。地下水的污染程度显示出以下趋势:研究区域的垃圾场>工业>市场>住宅。

更新日期:2021-03-03
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