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Continuous Approximation Model for Hybrid Flexible Transit Systems with Low Demand Density
Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1177/0361198121997131
Charalampos Sipetas 1 , Eric J. Gonzales 1
Affiliation  

Flexible transit systems are a way to address challenges associated with conventional fixed route and fully demand responsive systems. Existing studies indicate that such systems are often planned and designed without established guidelines, and optimization techniques are rarely implemented on actual flexible systems. This study presents a hybrid transit system where the degree of flexibility can vary from a fixed route service (with no flexibility) to a fully flexible transit system. Such a system is expected to be beneficial in areas where the best transit solution lies between the fixed route and fully flexible systems. Continuous approximation techniques are implemented to model and optimize the stop spacing on a fixed route corridor, as well as the boundaries of the flexible region in a corridor. Both user and agency costs are considered in the optimization process. A numerical analysis compares various service areas and demand densities using input variables with magnitudes similar to those of real-world case studies. Sensitivity analysis is performed for service headway, percent of demand served curb-to-curb, and user and agency cost weights in the optimization process. The analytical models are evaluated through simulations. The hybrid system proposed here achieves estimated user benefits of up to 35% when compared with fixed route systems, under different case scenarios. Flexible systems are particularly beneficial for serving corridors with low or uncertain demand. This provides value for corridors with low demand density as well as communities in which transit ridership has dropped significantly because of the COVID-19 pandemic.



中文翻译:

低需求密度的混合柔性公交系统的连续逼近模型

灵活的运输系统是解决与常规固定路线和完全需求响应系统相关的挑战的一种方式。现有研究表明,此类系统通常是在没有既定准则的情况下进行规划和设计的,并且很少在实际的灵活系统上实施优化技术。这项研究提出了一种混合运输系统,其灵活性程度可以从固定路线服务(无灵活性)到完全灵活的运输系统不等。在固定路线和完全灵活的系统之间最好的公交解决方案的地区,预计这种系统将是有益的。实施了连续逼近技术,以建模和优化固定路线走廊上的停靠点间距以及走廊中柔性区域的边界。在优化过程中会同时考虑用户成本和代理商成本。数值分析使用输入变量比较各种服务区域和需求密度,输入变量的大小与实际案例研究相似。在优化过程中,将对服务进度,服务到服务的需求百分比以及用户和代理商的成本权重进行敏感性分析。通过仿真评估分析模型。与固定路由系统相比,在不同情况下,此处提出的混合系统可实现估计高达35%的用户收益。灵活的系统对于为需求量低或不确定的走廊服务特别有益。这为需求密度低的走廊以及因COVID-19大流行而导致过境乘车率大幅下降的社区提供了价值。

更新日期:2021-03-02
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