Variable rate technology (VRT) in nutrient management has been developed in order to apply crop inputs according to the required amount of fertilizers. Meteorological conditions rarely differ within one field; however, differences in soil conditions responding to precipitation or evaporation results within field variations. These variations in soil properties such as moisture content, evapotranspiration ability, etc. requires site-specific treatments for the produced crops. There is an ongoing debate among experts on how to define management zones as well as how to define the required amount of fertilizers for phosphorus and nitrogen replenishment for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. For management zone delineation, vegetation based or soil based data collection is applied, where various sensor technology or remote sensing is in help for the farmers. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to investigate the effect of soil moisture data derived from Sentinel-2 satellite images moisture index and variable rate phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer by means of variable rate application (VRA) in winter wheat in Mezőföld, Hungary. Satellite based moisture index variance at the time of sowing has been derived, calculated and later used for data comparison. Data for selected points showed strong correlation (R² = 0.8056; n = 6) between moisture index and yield, however generally for the whole field correlation does not appear. Vegetation monitoring has been carried out by means of NDVI data calculation. On the field level, as indicated earlier neither moisture index values at sowing nor vegetation index data was sufficient to determine yield. Winter wheat production based on VRA treatment resulted significant increase in harvested crop: 5.07 t/h in 2013 compared to 8.9 t/ha in 2018. Uniformly managed (control) areas provided similar yield as VRA treated areas (8.82 and 8.9 t/ha, respectively); however, the input fertilizer was reduced by 108 kg/ha N and increased by 37 kg/ha P.

中文翻译：

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匈牙利梅泽费尔德地区干旱条件下不同管理和土壤水分对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）产量的耦合影响

已经开发了养分管理中的可变速率技术（VRT），以便根据所需的肥料用量来应用农作物投入。气象条件在一个领域内很少有不同。然而，土壤条件对降水或蒸发的响应会导致田间变化。土壤特性（例如水分含量，蒸散能力等）的这些变化需要对所生产的农作物进行特定地点的处理。对于如何界定管理区以及如何定义磷和氮补充冬小麦所需化肥量专家之间的争论（小麦L.）生产。对于管理区划，应用基于植被或基于土壤的数据收集，其中各种传感器技术或遥感技术可为农民提供帮助。本文报道的研究目的是通过可变速率施用（VRA）研究来自Sentinel-2卫星图像水分指数和可变速率磷肥和氮肥的土壤水分数据对匈牙利Mezőföld冬小麦的影响。已经得出，计算了播种时基于卫星的水分指数方差，随后将其用于数据比较。选定点的数据显示出很强的相关性（R ²= 0.8056; n = 6）在水分指数和产量之间，但是通常不会出现整个田间的相关性。植被监测已通过NDVI数据计算进行。如前所述，在田间水平上，播种时的水分指数值和植被指数数据都不足以确定产量。基于VRA处理的冬小麦产量导致收成大幅增加：2013年为5.07吨/小时，而2018年为8.9吨/公顷。统一管理（控制）区域的产量与VRA处理区域相似（8.82和8.9吨/公顷，分别）; 但是，投入肥料减少了108 kg / ha N，增加了37 kg / haP。