The submerged hydraulic jump is a sudden change from the supercritical to subcritical flow, specified by strong turbulence, air entrainment and energy loss. Despite recent studies, hydraulic jump characteristics in smooth and rough beds, the turbulence, the mean velocity and the flow patterns in the cavity region of a submerged hydraulic jump in the rough beds, especially in the case of triangular macroroughnesses, are not completely understood. The objective of this paper was to numerically investigate via the FLOW-3D model the effects of triangular macroroughnesses on the characteristics of submerged jump, including the longitudinal profile of streamlines, flow patterns in the cavity region, horizontal velocity profiles, streamwise velocity distribution, thickness of the inner layer, bed shear stress coefficient, Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) and energy loss, in different macroroughness arrangements and various inlet Froude numbers (1.7 < Fr₁ < 9.3). To verify the accuracy and reliability of the present numerical simulations, literature experimental data were considered.

中文翻译：

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三角形宏观粗糙度下水力跃迁流场的数值模拟

淹没的水力跃变是从超临界流到亚临界流的突然变化，具体表现为强烈的湍流，空气夹带和能量损失。尽管有最近的研究，但对光滑床和粗糙床中的水力跳跃特性，湍流，平均速度和在粗糙床中的水下水力跳跃的空腔区域中的流动方式，尤其是在三角形宏观粗糙度的情况下，还没有完全了解。本文的目的是通过FLOW-3D模型数值研究三角宏观粗糙度对淹没跳变特征的影响，包括流线的纵向剖面，型腔区域内的流动形态，水平速度剖面，水流速度分布，厚度内层，床层剪切应力系数，Fr ₁ <9.3）。为了验证当前数值模拟的准确性和可靠性，考虑了文献实验数据。