Facing increasing pressure to decarbonize, innovation within the shipping sector has turned to low-and zero carbon solutions. In this paper we investigate how the development and implementation of biodiesel and liquefied biogas (LBG) in Norwegian coastal shipping has been influenced by the technological alignment with fossil fuels. We understand this influence to emanate from the (mis)match of biofuels with the structure of coastal shipping (e.g. infrastructure, knowledge, institutions, actors) which has been shaped by fossil fuels. This way we contribute to the development of Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework by discussing the effect of sectoral cross-technology externalities on the functionality of a TIS. Our core data consists of semi-structured interviews, supported by a firm survey with Norwegian shipowners.

Our results show that the technological alignment provides the biodiesel and LBG TISs with several benefits, such as access to established markets and infrastructure, which suggests that Norway to some extent has good conditions for maritime biofuel markets to form. However, two major barriers for implementation of biofuels are fuel availability and cost. Considering the competition with battery-electric and hydrogen solutions, the positive externalities of the interchangeability between fossil and biofuels are insufficient to make biodiesel and LBG competitive contenders for coastal shipping. In order to upscale implementation of biofuels in the Norwegian coastal shipping sector, which is needed to reach national and international emission targets, there is a need for strengthened policy interventions. To establish market formation, subsidies for biofuels and feed-in targets would be crucial policy instruments.

面对越来越高的脱碳压力，航运业的创新已转向低碳和零碳解决方案。在本文中，我们调查了挪威沿海航运中生物柴油和液化沼气（LBG）的开发和实施如何受到化石燃料技术调整的影响。我们理解这种影响源于生物燃料与由化石燃料塑造的沿海运输结构（例如基础设施，知识，机构，参与者）的（不当）匹配。通过讨论部门跨技术外部性对TIS功能的影响，我们通过这种方式为技术创新系统（TIS）框架的发展做出了贡献。我们的核心数据包括半结构化访谈，并与挪威船东进行了一次牢固的调查。

我们的结果表明，技术一致性为生物柴油和LBG TIS提供了一些好处，例如进入已建立的市场和基础设施，这表明挪威在一定程度上为海上生物燃料市场的形成创造了良好条件。然而，实施生物燃料的两个主要障碍是燃料的可获得性和成本。考虑到与电池，电动和氢解决方案的竞争，化石燃料与生物燃料之间可互换性的积极外部性不足以使生物柴油和LBG成为沿海运输的竞争者。为了在实现国家和国际排放目标的挪威沿海航运部门中大规模实施生物燃料，需要加强政策干预措施。建立市场格局，