Nestling in the South American Andes, the Peruvian city of Cusco is one of the most emblematic metropolises of the continent. An impressive example of pre-Columbian urbanism, the capital of the former Inca empire developed into one of the most representative cities of the Spanish colonial realm—today a UNESCO World Heritage Site—and, since the 1920s, into the “tourist capital” of Peru. This article traces the development of the mountain city of Cusco and shows how a location in a specific natural and cultural space translates over time into urban and periurban dynamics dominated by touristification processes. A constitutive element of Andean intermediate cities, “the rural” and the elements related to its semantic space, play a crucial role in spatial reconfiguration processes that produce fragmented leisure landscapes of both the exclusive and the excluded. Local and regional real-estate developers profit from tourism-driven geographical imaginings of Cusco as an Andean city, and from the global urbanization of capital, by developing gated condominiums for a clientele in search of exclusivity, safety, and authentic and aesthetic mountain landscapes. Paradoxically, it is exactly this demand that increasingly destroys the very basis of Cusco's economy and challenges policy makers to overcome a set of dichotomies.

秘鲁城市库斯科（Cusco）坐落在南美安第斯山脉，是非洲大陆最具代表性的大都市之一。前哥斯达黎加前城市主义的一个令人印象深刻的例子，前印加帝国的首都发展成为西班牙殖民地最有代表性的城市之一（今天被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产），并且自1920年代以来发展成为西班牙殖民地的“旅游之都”。秘鲁。本文跟踪了库斯科山区城市的发展，并说明了特定自然和文化空间中的位置如何随时间转换为以旅游业化过程为主的城市和近郊动态。安第斯中级城市的构成要素“农村”及其语义空间相关的要素，在空间重构过程中起着至关重要的作用，空间重构过程产生了排他性和排除性的零散休闲景观。本地和区域性房地产开发商从旅游业驱动的库斯科（安哥拉）作为安第斯城市的地理构想中获益，并从资本的全球城市化中受益，通过为客户开发门控式共管公寓，以寻求排他性，安全性以及真实而优美的山地景观。矛盾的是，正是这种需求日益破坏了库斯科经济的基础，并挑战决策者克服了二分法。安全，真实，美观的高山景观。矛盾的是，正是这种需求日益破坏了库斯科经济的基础，并挑战决策者克服了二分法。安全，真实，美观的高山景观。矛盾的是，正是这种需求日益破坏了库斯科经济的基础，并挑战决策者克服了二分法。