Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an allergic respiratory disease. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the roles of miRNA-21 and miRNA132 as biomarkers in the diagnosis of ABPA.

A total of 30 controls, 30 allergic asthmatic patients, 30 severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) patients, and 30 ABPA patients were included. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the level of miRNAs expression.

The expression level of miRNA-21 was significantly higher in allergic asthmatic, SAFS, and ABPA patients in comparison with controls (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was detected in the expression level of miRNA-21 among the different patient groups (p > 0.05). The ABPA patients had significantly higher levels of miRNA-132 expression compared to controls, allergic asthmatic patients, and SAFS patients (p < 0.001), but there was a non-significant difference between controls and allergic asthmatic patients (p = 0.09). At a cut-off of 1.52, the sensitivity of miRNA-132 expression was 93.3% and the specificity was 100% different ABPA from healthy controls. At a cut-off of 6.5, miRNA-132 expression was found to reliably differentiate between ABPA and SAFS, with a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 80%. In ABPA patients, miRNA-132 expression positively correlation with the levels of serum IL-5 (r = 0.91, p < 0.001).

miRNA-132 has a role in ABPA detection and distinguishing ABPA from allergic asthma and SAFS. These preliminary data from case-control study need further studies to confirm its finding.

过敏性支气管肺曲霉病（ABPA）是一种过敏性呼吸道疾病。在目前的研究中，我们旨在评估 miRNA-21 和 miRNA132 作为生物标志物在 ABPA 诊断中的作用。

共纳入 30 名对照、30 名过敏性哮喘患者、30 名伴有真菌致敏的重度哮喘（SAFS）患者和 30 名 ABPA 患者。实时聚合酶链反应用于量化 miRNAs 的表达水平。

与对照组相比，过敏性哮喘、SAFS 和 ABPA 患者的 miRNA-21 表达水平显着升高（p < 0.001）。但不同患者组间miRNA-21的表达水平无显着差异（p>0.05）。ABPA 患者的 miRNA-132 表达水平显着高于对照组、过敏性哮喘患者和 SAFS 患者（p < 0.001），但对照组和过敏性哮喘患者之间无显着差异（p = 0.09）。在 1.52 的截止值下，miRNA-132 表达的敏感性为 93.3%，特异性与健康对照的 ABPA 差异为 100%。在截止值为 6.5 时，发现 miRNA-132 表达能够可靠地区分 ABPA 和 SAFS，灵敏度为 86.7%，特异性为 80%。ABPA患者中，miRNA-132表达与血清IL-5水平呈正相关（r=0.91，p<0.001）。

miRNA-132 在 ABPA 检测和区分 ABPA 与过敏性哮喘和 SAFS 中发挥作用。这些来自病例对照研究的初步数据需要进一步研究以证实其发现。