Remarkable theoretical and experimental achievements of quantum technology have convincingly shown that a flourishing quantum age is coming. The threat of quantum attacks posed to the classical cryptographic protocols, whose security lies on the computational complexity of difficult problems, is ever more severe. As a particular voting and typical daily activity, the anonymous veto has already been further studied in classical cryptography. In this paper, a novel quantum anonymous veto protocol with information-theoretic security is proposed. Benefited from the entanglement of GHZ states and quantum nonlocality, our protocol satisfies some desirable properties of reliability, privacy, verifiability, tracelessness, and fairness. Compared to the properties of classical protocols, tracelessness is a unique property in quantum anonymous veto protocol. Using the online analog quantum computer of IBM Corporation placed on the cloud, we make an experimental test of anonymous veto for four voters. Any harmful attempt of cheating from the semi-honest certificate authority center, malicious voters, and external eavesdroppers will be detected by honest participants based on the fantastic quantum world. This work to voting theory helps elucidate how quantum mechanics can be harnessed for secure strategic advantage.

量子技术的卓越理论和实验成果令人信服地表明，即将到来的量子时代正在蓬勃发展。传统安全协议的安全性在于困难问题的计算复杂性，这给传统密码协议带来了量子攻击的威胁，这种威胁变得更加严重。作为一种特殊的投票和日常活动，匿名否决权已经在经典密码学中得到了进一步的研究。本文提出了一种具有信息论安全性的新型量子匿名否决协议。得益于GHZ态的纠缠和量子非局部性，我们的协议满足了一些期望的可靠性，隐私性，可验证性，无痕迹和公平性。与经典协议的属性相比，无痕是量子匿名否决协议的独特属性。使用放置在云上的IBM Corporation在线模拟量子计算机，我们对四名选民进行了匿名否决的实验测试。来自准诚实证书颁发机构中心，恶意选民和外部窃听者的任何有害作弊尝试都将被诚实的参与者基于梦幻般的量子世界检测到。这项投票理论的工作有助于阐明如何利用量子力学来获得安全的战略优势。