Abstract

This work summarizes the archived data of geocryological and hydrogeological conditions in the west of Nordenskiold Land on the Spitsbergen Archipelago. The historical data obtained in the Soviet period during coal exploration are reviewed together with the results of our own studies performed as part of the Russian Scientific Arctic Expedition on Spitsbergen (RAE-S) in 2016–2020. With respect to geocryology, the region is assigned to the zone of continuous permafrost. The thickness of rocks and sediments with temperatures below zero is about 100 m near the coast and increases to 540 m on watersheds. The mean annual ground temperature near the zero-amplitude depth varies from –3.6 to –2.2°C. Below this layer, the temperature curve in the top part of the section tends to deviate toward positive temperatures, reflecting the modern cycle of climate warming. From the hydrogeological point of view, the area belongs to the marginal zone of the West Spitsbergen cryoadartesian basin. Seawater intrusions near the coast form saline subpermafrost aquifers, including those with temperatures below zero, reflecting the seawater (sodium chloride) composition and hydraulic heads close to sea level. Fresh and slightly saline (sodium bicarbonate on the east coast of Grønfjorden and magnesium–calcium sulfate in gypsum-bearing deposits on the west coast) subpermafrost water with hydraulic heads reaching 100 m above sea level is fed by water-saturated ice in the deep layers of large glaciers.

中文翻译：

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Nordenskiold土地（Spitsbergen群岛）西部的地质和水文地质条件

摘要

这项工作总结了斯匹次卑尔根群岛北部Nordenskiold土地西部的地质和水文地质条件的存档数据。回顾了苏联时期在煤炭勘探期间获得的历史数据，以及我们作为2016-2020年俄罗斯斯匹次卑尔根科学北极探险队（RAE-S）的一部分所做的研究结果。关于地质学，该区域被分配到连续多年冻土的区域。温度低于零的岩石和沉积物的厚度在海岸附近约为100 m，而在集水区则增至540 m。零振幅深度附近的年平均地面温度在–3.6至–2.2°C之间变化。在该层以下，该部分顶部的温度曲线趋向于朝正温度偏离，反映了气候变暖的现代循环。从水文地质学的角度来看，该地区属于西斯匹次卑尔根冰山-达尔富特盆地的边缘地带。沿海附近的海水入侵形成了盐冻土层（包括温度低于零的那些），反映了海水（氯化钠）的成分和接近海平面的水头。淡水和冻盐水（在Grønfjorden东海岸的碳酸氢钠和在西海岸的含石膏矿床中的硫酸镁钙）水力压头达到海平面100 m的多年冻土水由深层中的水饱和冰提供大型冰川。沿海附近的海水入侵形成了盐冻土层（包括温度低于零的那些），反映了海水（氯化钠）的成分和接近海平面的水头。淡水和冻盐水（在Grønfjorden东海岸的碳酸氢钠和在西海岸的含石膏矿床中的硫酸镁钙）水力压头达到海平面100 m的多年冻土水由深层中的水饱和冰提供大型冰川。沿海附近的海水入侵形成了盐冻土层（包括温度低于零的那些），反映了海水（氯化钠）的成分和接近海平面的水头。淡水和冻盐水（在Grønfjorden东海岸的碳酸氢钠和在西海岸的含石膏矿床中的硫酸镁钙）水力压头达到海平面100 m的多年冻土水由深层中的水饱和冰提供大型冰川。