Abstract

The influence of crop rotation with different saturation with legumes and continuous grain crops (winter rye and spring barley) on the structure of prokaryotic communities and preservation of soil organic matter has been studied in a long-term stationary experiment (1977–2018) on a soddy-podzolic soil (Eutric Albic Retisol (Abruptic, Loamic, Cutanic)) of Perm oblast. Permanent black fallow and unmanaged fallow were used as reference standards. Minimum values of the coefficients of mineralization (0.37) and pedotrophicity (0.28) calculated on the basis of direct counting of microbial colonies cultivated on standard nutrient media (MPA, SAA, and SA) have been found in the unmanaged fallow soil, and maximum values of these coefficients (1.97 and 1.30, respectively) were found in the black fallow soil. Inverse relationships were found between the C_org content in the soil and the mineralization coefficient (r = –0.67; p < 0.01), as well as between the C_ha : C_fa ratio and the pedotrophicity coefficient (r = –0.64; p < 0.02). It has been shown that the OM stabilization in soddy-podzolic soil depended on the type of soil use and decreased in the following sequence: unmanaged fallow > crop rotation (0–28.6–42.9% of legumes) > continuous grain crop > permanent black fallow, In the cultivated and black fallow soils, along with general decrease in the organic matte stock, its lability increased as evidenced by the C_ha : C_fa ratio (0.55–0.79), which were lower than in the unmanaged fallow soil (0.96). The closest negative correlation (r = –0.81; p < 0.001) was observed between the mineralization coefficient and the C_ha : C_fa ratio. It has been also shown that different uses of soddy-podzolic soil were accompanied by structural rearrangements of the actinomycetal complex selected as a model group of soil microorganisms. In particular, regular mechanical tillage and application of mineral fertilizers (N60P30K60) contributed to an increase in the species spectrum of streptomyces, a change in the frequency of occurrence and relative abundance of individual sections and series, and a change in dominant forms. The results of this study demonstrated the possibility of using microbiological indicators as biomarkers of the state of soil organic matter.

中文翻译：

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不同类型土地利用对水土质土壤中原核生物群落和有机质稳定的影响

摘要

在一项长期固定试验（1977-2018年）中，研究了豆类作物和连续谷物作物（黑麦和春季大麦）不同饱和度下的轮作对原核生物群落结构和土壤有机质保存的影响。彼尔姆州的沙地-土壤（欧洲的Albic Retisol（Abruptic，Loamic，Cutanic））。永久性黑休耕和非管理休耕被用作参考标准。在未管理的休耕土壤中发现了基于直接计数在标准营养培养基（MPA，SAA和SA）上培养的微生物菌落而计算出的矿化系数（0.37）和富营养性（0.28）的最小值，并且最大值这些系数中的一半（分别为1.97和1.30）在黑色休闲土壤中发现。发现C之间存在反比关系_组织在土壤含量和矿化系数（R = -0.67; P < 0.01），以及之间的C_公顷：C _FA比和pedotrophicity系数（R = -0.64; P < 0.02）。研究表明，沙地-土壤土壤的有机质稳定取决于土壤的使用类型，并按以下顺序减少：不受管理的休耕>作物轮作（豆科植物的0–28.6–42.9％）>连作谷物作物>永久性黑色休耕，在耕种和黑色休耕土壤中，随着有机冰沙种群的普遍减少，其不稳定性增加，如C _ha：C _fa所示。比率（0.55-0.79），低于未管理的休耕土壤（0.96）。最接近的负相关（R = ; -0.81 P <矿化系数以及C之间观察到了0.001）_公顷：C_发比率。还显示出，土壤-土壤的不同用途伴随着放线菌复合体的结构重排，所述放线菌复合体被选作土壤微生物的模型组。特别是，定期机械耕作和施用矿物肥料（N60P30K60）有助于链霉菌物种谱的增加，单个部分和系列的出现频率和相对丰度的变化以及主要形式的变化。这项研究的结果证明了使用微生物指标作为土壤有机质状态的生物标志物的可能性。