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Life cycle assessment of bio-methane and biogas-based electricity production from organic waste for utilization as a vehicle fuel
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-02 , DOI: 10.1007/s10098-021-02054-7
Amar Mohan Shinde , Anil Kumar Dikshit , Monica Odlare , Eva Thorin , Sebastian Schwede

Abstract

The concerns about climate change, energy security and price fluctuation of fossil fuels are driving the growing interest in the development and utilization of renewable energy as a transportation fuel. In this aspect, the utilization of organic household waste for the production of biogas avoids the environmental impact of landfills. The further upgrading and utilization of biogas as a vehicle fuel avoids the environmental impact of fossil fuels. This paper presents the life cycle assessment of two utilization pathways of biogas produced from co-digestion of organic household waste, grease trap removal sludge and ley crops grown by local farmers. Specifically, this study assessed and compared the environmental impact of the production and utilization of bio-methane and biogas-based electricity as a vehicle fuel for public transport buses in Västerås, Sweden. The system boundary for biogas production covered seven main steps: cultivation, harvesting and transport of ley crops, collection and transport of waste, pre-treatment and co-digestion of the substrate. The system boundary for bio-methane was further extended to account for the upgrading process and tailpipe emissions from combustion of bio-methane in the buses. In the case of biogas-based electricity, the system boundary was further extended to account for the combustion of biogas in the CHP unit and further utilization of electricity in the electric bus. The evaluation of the production routes showed that the methane losses and high energy consumption for both biogas production and upgrading process dominated the environmental impact of bio-methane production. However, the emissions from the CHP unit were solely responsible for the environmental impact of biogas-based electricity production. The functional unit identified for this study is 1 vehicle km travelled (VKT) of the bio-methane fuelled bus and electric bus. The global warming potential of the electric buses was 0.11 kg CO2-eq/VKT compared to 0.26 kg CO2-eq/VKT for the bio-methane buses. The electric buses could also reduce about half of the acidification and eutrophication impacts associated with the bio-methane fuelled buses. The lower fuel efficiency and high tailpipe emissions decreased the environmental advantages of the bio-methane buses. Eventually, this study ensures the biogas utilization which is environmentally sound and compares favourably with the alternative options.

Graphic abstract



中文翻译:

从有机废物中用作汽车燃料的生物甲烷和沼气发电的生命周期评估

摘要

对气候变化,能源安全和化石燃料价格波动的担忧,推动了人们对开发和利用可再生能源作为交通运输燃料的兴趣日益浓厚。在这方面,利用有机家庭废物生产沼气可避免垃圾填埋场对环境的影响。沼气作为车辆燃料的进一步升级和利用避免了化石燃料对环境的影响。本文提出了两种生活途径的生命周期评估,这些途径是共同消化有机生活垃圾,油脂捕集器去除污泥和当地农民种植的ley作物产生的沼气。具体来说,这项研究评估并比较了在瑞典韦斯特罗斯(Västerås)生产和利用沼气和沼气发电作为交通工具燃料的环境影响。沼气生产的系统边界包括七个主要步骤:种植,收割和运输杂草作物,收集和运输废物,对底物进行预处理和共同消化。生物沼气的系统边界进一步扩展,以解决公交车中生物沼气燃烧过程的升级和尾气排放问题。对于基于沼气的电力,系统边界得到了进一步扩展,以解决CHP装置中沼气的燃烧以及电动公交车中电力的进一步利用。对生产路线的评估表明,沼气生产和提质过程中的甲烷损失和高能耗消耗主导了沼气生产对环境的影响。但是,热电联产装置的排放完全是基于沼气的电力生产对环境的影响。这项研究确定的功能单位是生物甲烷燃料公交车和电动公交车行驶1车公里(VKT)。电动巴士的全球变暖潜能为0.11千克二氧化碳 这项研究确定的功能单位是生物甲烷燃料公交车和电动公交车行驶1车公里(VKT)。电动客车的全球变暖潜能为0.11千克二氧化碳 这项研究确定的功能单位是生物甲烷燃料公交车和电动公交车行驶1车公里(VKT)。电动巴士的全球变暖潜能为0.11千克二氧化碳2 eq / VKT ,而生物甲烷公交车则为0.26 kg CO 2 eq / VKT。电动公交车还可以减少约一半的与生物甲烷燃料公交车相关的酸化和富营养化影响。较低的燃料效率和较高的排气管排放降低了生物甲烷公交车的环境优势。最终,这项研究确保了沼气的利用对环境无害,并且与替代方案相比具有优势。

图形摘要

更新日期:2021-03-02
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