Rapidly changing ocean conditions pose substantial challenges for coastal communities, fishermen, and managers. From 2014 to 2016, the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) experienced a marine heatwave and corollary decline in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus). Here, we explore the 2020 closure of the directed Pacific cod federal fishery in the GOA as a case study of the needs and opportunities for managing fisheries in the context of environmental change. We build on climate-ready fishery research and conversations with experienced commercial fishermen, including Alutiiq fishers, and fishery managers to: (i) discuss ecosystem-based management in Alaska, (ii) explore early warning signs and management challenges preceding the decline of Pacific cod, (iii) recommend tools to enhance adaptive capacity in fishery management. We conclude that a strong foundation of science-based management that incorporates ecosystem information and multiple ways of knowing, increased monitoring and evaluation of indicators, and new tools for managers to respond and adapt will be essential to sustainable fishery management. New mechanisms highlighted in this essay include: a GOA Fishery Ecosystem Plan, climate risk and vulnerability analyses, habitat protections, and the development of original metrics, such as food web production or function targets to inform stock assessments and fishery management.

中文翻译：

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热火朝天：阿拉斯加湾太平洋鳕鱼和适应气候变化的渔业

快速变化的海洋条件给沿海社区、渔民和管理者带来了巨大的挑战。从 2014 年到 2016 年，阿拉斯加湾 (GOA) 经历了海洋热浪和太平洋鳕鱼 (Gadus macrocephalus) 的必然下降。在这里，我们探讨了 2020 年关闭在果阿的定向太平洋鳕鱼联邦渔业作为在环境变化背景下管理渔业的需求和机会的案例研究。我们以气候就绪型渔业研究和与经验丰富的商业渔民（包括 Alutiiq 渔民）和渔业管理者的对话为基础，以：（i）讨论阿拉斯加基于生态系统的管理，（ii）探索太平洋衰退之前的早期预警信号和管理挑战cod，(iii) 推荐提高渔业管理适应能力的工具。我们得出的结论是，以科学为基础的管理的坚实基础，包括生态系统信息和多种了解方式，加强对指标的监测和评估，以及管理者应对和适应的新工具，对于可持续渔业管理至关重要。本文重点介绍的新机制包括：GOA 渔业生态系统计划、气候风险和脆弱性分析、栖息地保护以及制定原始指标，例如为种群评估和渔业管理提供信息的食物网生产或功能目标。