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The Early Impact of Covid-19 on Job Losses among Black Women in the United States
Feminist Economics ( IF 2.821 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1080/13545701.2020.1849766
Michelle Holder , Janelle Jones , Thomas Masterson

ABSTRACT

Given that a high proportion of workers in “essential” sectors of the US economy are Black women, this paper seeks to answer the following: in which occupations did Black women in the US experience the greatest job losses during the early phase of the pandemic? Drawing on feminist economic and stratification economic theories, this quantitative analysis suggests that the greatest losses were cashier jobs in the hotel and restaurant industry, and childcare worker positions in the healthcare and social services industry. These two occupations are low wage, dominated by women, and considered essential. This study posits that Black women disproportionately lost these jobs for three reasons: (1) Black women’s strong attachment to the US workforce; (2) Black women’s overrepresentation in the hotel/restaurant and healthcare/social services industries; and (3) women’s overrepresentation in low-wage occupations. The study offers policy solutions that could help sustain the Black community during the pandemic-inspired economic downturn.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Black women face occupational segregation that is specific to both their gender and their race.

  • Black women’s employment is more narrowly concentrated by industry than any other demographic group.

  • Job losses due to COVID-19 especially hit industries in which Black women are concentrated.

  • Black women lost the most jobs in the cashier occupation.

  • Any pandemic-recovery policy agenda must include full employment for Black women.



中文翻译:

Covid-19对美国黑人女性失业的早期影响

摘要

鉴于美国经济中“基本”行业中有很大比例的工人是黑人女性,本文力图回答以下问题:在大流行早期,美国黑人女性从事的职业损失最大?根据女权主义经济和分层经济理论,这种定量分析表明,损失最大的是旅馆业和饭店业的收银员工作,以及医疗保健和社会服务业的保育员职位。这两个职业是低工资的,由女性主导,被认为是必不可少的。这项研究认为,黑人妇女失业的原因不成比例,原因有以下三个:(1)黑人妇女对美国劳动力的强烈依恋;(2)黑人妇女在酒店/餐厅和医疗保健/社会服务行业的任职人数过多;(3)妇女在低薪职业中的任职人数过多。该研究提供的政策解决方案可以在大流行引发的经济衰退期间帮助维持黑人社区。

强调

  • 黑人妇女面临着性别和种族特有的职业隔离。

  • 黑人妇女的就业是按行业分布的,比任何其他人口统计的群体都狭窄。

  • 由于COVID-19而造成的失业,尤其是在黑人女性集中的行业。

  • 在收银员职业中,黑人妇女失去了最多的工作。

  • 任何大流行恢复政策议程都必须包括黑人妇女的充分就业。

更新日期:2021-03-29
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