Objectives

The study tested the Unified Flexibility and Mindfulness (UFM) model which organizes the dimensions of mindfulness and psychological flexibility into a multistage, process-oriented framework linking mindfulness to global functioning.

Methods

A sample of 2742 online respondents (68% female, 81% Caucasian, M_age = 42 years old) completed the FFMQ, the MAAS, the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI), the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) within an online survey.

Results

Path analyses run in random sample halves, across genders, across age groups, and across levels of current meditation converged to support the UFM model, suggesting that mindful lenses (e.g., describing feelings, observing sensations, attentive awareness) predicted mindfully flexible immediate responses to uncomfortable thoughts and feelings (e.g., acceptance, non-reactivity, non-judgment), which predicted life-enriching mindful behaviors (e.g., maintaining contact with values, taking steps toward deeper goals), which predicted greater life satisfaction. The components of the UFM model also identified differences in mindfulness between meditators and non-meditators—specific to those regularly practicing Buddhist-informed meditation. To facilitate future studies, IRT analyses selected items for two new mindfulness subscales that, when added to the MPFI, created the 70-item and 28-item UFM scales which demonstrated measurement invariance across gender, age, and meditation groups.

Conclusions

The findings provide a conceptual framework offering researchers with an integrative, process-focused method of linking mindfulness to well-being. Underscoring the potential clinical implications, a hypothetical example is given of using the UFM scale to track clinically meaningful change for a client in therapy.

中文翻译：

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拥抱通往正念之路的错综复杂：通过开发统一的灵活性和正念模型，拓宽我们在日常生活中培养正念过程的概念

目标

该研究测试了统一的灵活性和正念度（UFM）模型，该模型将正念和心理柔韧性的维度组织成一个多阶段的，面向过程的框架，将正念与全局功能联系起来。

方法

对2742名在线受访者（68％的女性，81％的白人，M_年龄 = 42岁）进行了抽样调查，他们完成了FFMQ，MAAS，多维心理适应性调查表（MPFI），患者健康问卷抑郁量表（PHQ-9），在线调查中的“对生活量表的满意度”（SWLS）。

结果

路径分析以随机的一半样本，不同性别，不同年龄组以及当前冥想的水平进行汇总，以支持UFM模型，这表明，正念镜头（例如，描述感觉，观察感觉，专心意识）可以预见到对当前活动的灵活反应不舒服的思想和感觉（例如，接受，不反应，不判断），预示着丰富人生的正念行为（例如，与价值观保持联系，朝着更深的目标迈进），预示着更高的生活满意度。UFM模型的组成部分还确定了禅修者与非禅修者在正念方面的差异，这些差异专门针对那些定期进行佛教禅修的人。为了便于将来的研究，IRT分析了两个新的正念子量表的选定项目，

结论

研究结果提供了一个概念框架，为研究人员提供了一种以过程为中心的综合方法，将正念与幸福联系起来。为了强调潜在的临床意义，给出了一个使用UFM量表跟踪治疗对象临床意义变化的假设示例。