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The Role of Theory of Mind and Wishful Thinking in Children’s Moralizing Concepts of the Abrahamic God
Journal of Cognition and Development ( IF 2.580 ) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 , DOI: 10.1080/15248372.2021.1888731
Redeate G. Wolle 1 , Abby McLaughlin 1 , Larisa Heiphetz 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT

Adults conceptualize God as particularly knowledgeable – more knowledgeable than humans – about moral transgressions. We investigated how younger (4- to 5-year-old) and older (6- to 7-year-old) children view God’s moral knowledge. Cultural narratives in the United States portray God as omniscient, which could lead children growing up in the United States to conclude that God knows their own and others’ behaviors. However, older children are better able to distinguish between different minds, and this ability (theory of mind, or TOM) may predict a tendency for older, versus younger, children to attribute greater knowledge to God. Consistent with the latter possibility, 6- to 7-year-olds viewed God as more knowledgeable of their own and others’ transgressions than did 4- to 5-year-olds. TOM partially mediated this difference. Further, children – particularly 4- to 5-year-olds – conceptualized God as more knowledgeable of others’ transgressions than of their own. Study 2 probed whether 4- to 5- year-olds’ responses were due to wishful thinking (e.g., they did not want God to know their transgressions and therefore reported that God would lack this knowledge). Supporting this prediction, 4- to 5-year-olds attributed greater knowledge to God of their own, versus others’, pro-social acts. The extent to which children attributed knowledge of these acts to God predicted their own propensity to behave pro-socially by sharing with others. This work expands current understanding of religious cognition, particularly its connections with moral judgment and theory of mind.



中文翻译:

心智理论与一厢情愿在儿童道德观念中的作用

摘要

成年人认为上帝对道德过犯特别了解——比人类更了解。我们调查了年幼(4 至 5 岁)和年长(6 至 7 岁)的儿童如何看待上帝的道德知识。美国的文化叙事将上帝描绘成无所不知,这可能会导致在美国长大的孩子得出结论,上帝知道他们自己和他人的行为。然而,年龄较大的孩子能够更好地区分不同的思想,这种能力(心理理论,或 TOM)可以预测年龄较大的孩子与年幼的孩子相比,将更多的知识归于上帝的倾向。与后一种可能性一致,6 到 7 岁的孩子认为上帝比 4 到 5 岁的孩子更了解自己和他人的过犯。TOM 部分调节了这种差异。更多,儿童——尤其是 4 到 5 岁的孩子——认为上帝比他们自己更了解他人的过犯。研究 2 探讨了 4 至 5 岁儿童的反应是否是由于一厢情愿(例如,他们不想让上帝知道他们的过犯,因此报告说上帝缺乏这种知识)。支持这一预测的是,4 到 5 岁的孩子将更多的知识归功于他们自己的上帝,而不是其他人的亲社会行为。孩子们将这些行为的知识归因于上帝的程度预示着他们通过与他人分享而表现出亲社会行为的倾向。这项工作扩展了当前对宗教认知的理解,特别是其与道德判断和心理理论的联系。研究 2 探讨了 4 至 5 岁儿童的反应是否是由于一厢情愿(例如,他们不想让上帝知道他们的过犯,因此报告说上帝缺乏这种知识)。支持这一预测的是,4 到 5 岁的孩子将更多的知识归功于他们自己的上帝,而不是其他人的亲社会行为。孩子们将这些行为的知识归因于上帝的程度预示着他们通过与他人分享而表现出亲社会行为的倾向。这项工作扩展了当前对宗教认知的理解,特别是其与道德判断和心理理论的联系。研究 2 探讨了 4 至 5 岁儿童的反应是否是由于一厢情愿(例如,他们不想让上帝知道他们的过犯,因此报告说上帝缺乏这种知识)。支持这一预测的是,4 到 5 岁的孩子将更多的知识归功于他们自己的上帝,而不是其他人的亲社会行为。孩子们将这些行为的知识归因于上帝的程度预示着他们通过与他人分享而表现出亲社会行为的倾向。这项工作扩展了当前对宗教认知的理解,特别是其与道德判断和心理理论的联系。4 到 5 岁的孩子将更多的知识归功于上帝,而不是其他人的亲社会行为。孩子们将这些行为的知识归因于上帝的程度预示着他们通过与他人分享而表现出亲社会行为的倾向。这项工作扩展了当前对宗教认知的理解,特别是其与道德判断和心理理论的联系。4 到 5 岁的孩子将更多的知识归功于上帝,而不是其他人的亲社会行为。孩子们将这些行为的知识归因于上帝的程度预示着他们通过与他人分享而表现出亲社会行为的倾向。这项工作扩展了当前对宗教认知的理解,特别是其与道德判断和心理理论的联系。

更新日期:2021-03-01
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