Abstract

In this paper we have explored the possibilities and difficulties of integrating data between ERA and HRA, in particular how toxicity in fish could inform the toxicity in other (aquatic) vertebrates and how their relative sensitivity can be used to perform the risk assessment of chemical more efficiently. With respect to acute toxicity of chemicals with a nonspecific mode of action, the sensitivity of fish seems to correlate well with that of rats. For substances interfering via a specific mode of action, extrapolation between species might be feasible provided that the molecular features of the receptors involved are known. Overall, fish species appear to be rather sensitive to chemicals interacting with the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal/thyroid axes. Fish could therefore be a good model to identify estrogenic and androgenic and thyroid active substances and to determine whether or not developmental and/or reproductive effects in vertebrates via these mode of actions can be expected. It is therefore recommended for hazard assessment of endocrine disruptors to include histopathology of the thyroid gland and analysis of thyroid hormones into a fish reproduction assay, to reduce testing on other aquatic vertebrates.

摘要

在本文中，我们探讨了在 ERA 和 HRA 之间整合数据的可能性和困难，特别是鱼类的毒性如何影响其他（水生）脊椎动物的毒性，以及如何利用它们的相对敏感性来执行化学品的风险评估更多有效率的。关于具有非特异性作用方式的化学品的急性毒性，鱼的敏感性似乎与大鼠的敏感性相关。对于通过特定作用模式进行干扰的物质，只要已知所涉及受体的分子特征，物种之间的外推可能是可行的。总体而言，鱼类似乎对与下丘脑-垂体-性腺/甲状腺轴相互作用的化学物质相当敏感。因此，鱼类可能是一个很好的模型，可以识别雌激素和雄激素以及甲状腺活性物质，并确定是否可以预期通过这些作用方式对脊椎动物的发育和/或繁殖产生影响。因此，建议对内分泌干扰物进行危害评估，将甲状腺组织病理学和甲状腺激素分析纳入鱼类繁殖试验，以减少对其他水生脊椎动物的测试。