ABSTRACT

Estimates of the soil and nutrient losses are essential for design and planning of soil conservation measures in Indian arid region. This study aims at estimating rainfall-runoff, soil and nutrient losses from different cover crops, and to identify the best cover for checking soil loss. The study is conducted for 2013–2015 in research farm of the Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Station, Bhuj, Gujarat, India. Ten treatments comprising four sole-crop, that is, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), green gram (Vigna radiata), and cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and four cereal-legume intercropping with two controls (cultivated and unplowed fallows) are undertaken in randomized block design with three replications. Multi-slot divisors are fabricated and installed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed, and their interrelationships are explored. The highest soil loss is recorded from cultivated fallow (108.03 ± 49.95 kg.ha⁻¹.yr⁻¹) and unplowed fallow (78.95 ± 28.42 kg.ha⁻¹.yr⁻¹). Green gram is found effective in controlling soil loss as sole-crop (event-wise soil loss ~0.54–33.94 kg.ha⁻¹) as well as intercropping with sorghum (event-wise soil loss ~0.60–23.37 kg.ha⁻¹) and pearl millet (event-wise soil loss ~2.45–31.11 kg ha⁻¹). ANOVA revealed significance (p < .05) of runoff-generating rainfall, crop cover, and their sole- and intercropping practices. Values of coefficient of determination (R²) indicated highly correlated (R² ≥ 0.75) relationships of rainfall-runoff for all treatments, rainfall-soil loss for sole cereals and cultivated fallow, and runoff-soil loss for pearl millet and intercropping with green gram. This study concludes that cereal-legume intercropping diminishes the adverse impact of raindrops on soil erosion and crop production.

摘要

土壤和养分损失的估计对于印度干旱地区土壤保持措施的设计和规划至关重要。本研究旨在估计不同覆盖作物的降雨径流、土壤和养分损失，并确定用于检查土壤损失的最佳覆盖物。该研究于 2013-2015 年在印度古吉拉特邦普杰地区站中央干旱区研究所的研究农场进行。高粱( Sorghum bicolor )、珍珠粟( Pennisetum glaucum )、绿豆( Vigna radiata )、丛豆( Cyamopsis tetragonoloba )四种单一作物的10个处理) 和四个谷类-豆科植物间作与两个对照（耕地和未耕地休耕）以随机区组设计进行，三个重复。制造和安装多槽分频器。执行方差分析 (ANOVA)，并探索它们的相互关系。耕地休耕 (108.03 ± 49.95 kg.ha ^-1 .yr ^-1 ) 和未耕地休耕 (78.95 ± 28.42 kg.ha ^-1 .yr ^-1 )记录了最高的土壤流失。发现 Green gram 可有效控制土壤流失，如单作（事件级土壤流失 ~0.54–33.94 kg.ha ^-1）以及与高粱间作（事件级土壤流失 ~0.60–23.37 kg.ha ^{-1 ）} ) 和珍珠粟（随事件发生的土壤流失 ~2.45–31.11 kg ha^-1 )。方差分析揭示了径流产生的降雨、作物覆盖及其单作和间作做法的重要性 ( p < .05)。决定系数 (R ² ) 值表明 所有处理的降雨-径流、单一谷物和耕作休耕的降雨-土壤流失以及珍珠粟和与绿色间作的径流土壤流失高度相关 (R ² ≥ 0.75)公克。本研究得出结论，谷类与豆类间作减少了雨滴对土壤侵蚀和作物生产的不利影响。