We explored metal concentrations in wasps from 4 sites near Harare, Zimbabwe, on a 106 km west–east transect. We found elevated concentrations at 2 presumed-polluted sites (a platinum [Pt] mine and a known polluted lake) located near a metal-enriched geological feature (the Great Dyke). A site in urban Harare and a nature reserve served as reference. Only wasps from the 2 presumed-polluted sites had quantifiable Pt. For Cr, Ni, Mg, Se, Fe, Mn, and V, we report the highest concentrations in wasps yet published. Wasps from the presumed-polluted sites had significantly higher concentrations of most metals when compared with wasps from the reference sites, suggesting pollution as a source. Geology, however, differs between the sites. It is probable, therefore, that both geology and pollution contributed to the differences in metal concentrations. Because of its long and narrow dimensions (550 km long and 4–11 km wide), the Great Dyke offers opportunities for comparative studies. Because wasps form a complex part of the food web and ecology, studies on the transfer of metals to wasps' predators are needed, especially given that some birds specialize in feeding on hymenopterans. The rich diversity of wasps (>145 000 species worldwide) occupying multiple different trophic levels is a good indicator, and wasps have a rich potential to join other invertebrates as terrestrial indicators. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1726–1739. © 2021 SETAC

中文翻译：

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黄蜂作为环境金属成分的陆地指标：来自津巴布韦的证据

我们探索了津巴布韦哈拉雷附近 4 个地点的黄蜂金属浓度，该地点位于东西向 106 公里的样带上。我们发现位于富含金属的地质特征（大堤）附近的 2 个假定污染地点（一个铂 [Pt] 矿和一个已知的污染湖）的浓度升高。哈拉雷市区的一个地点和一个自然保护区作为参考。只有来自 2 个假定污染地点的黄蜂具有可量化的 Pt。对于 Cr、Ni、Mg、Se、Fe、Mn 和 V，我们报告了黄蜂中迄今为止公布的最高浓度。与来自参考地点的黄蜂相比，来自假定污染地点的黄蜂具有显着更高的大多数金属浓度，这表明污染是一种来源。然而，不同地点的地质情况不同。因此，地质和污染很可能导致金属浓度的差异。由于其狭长的尺寸（长 550 公里，宽 4-11 公里），大堤提供了比较研究的机会。由于黄蜂是食物网和生态系统的复杂部分，因此需要研究金属向黄蜂捕食者的转移，特别是考虑到一些鸟类专门以膜翅目为食。黄蜂的丰富多样性（全球超过 145 000 种）占据多个不同的营养级是一个很好的指标，黄蜂作为陆地指标加入其他无脊椎动物的潜力很大。特别是考虑到一些鸟类专门以膜翅目为食。黄蜂的丰富多样性（全球超过 145 000 种）占据多个不同的营养级是一个很好的指标，黄蜂作为陆地指标加入其他无脊椎动物的潜力很大。特别是考虑到一些鸟类专门以膜翅目为食。黄蜂的丰富多样性（全球超过 145 000 种）占据多个不同的营养级是一个很好的指标，黄蜂作为陆地指标加入其他无脊椎动物的潜力很大。环境毒物化学2021；40:1726–1739。© 2021 SETAC