In this paper, a three-dimensional target localization problem in widely separated multiple-input multiple-output radars is solved using two specific techniques based on time difference of arrival measurements. These techniques are provided in terms of transmitter and receiver antennas, which are named as technique_t and technique_r, respectively. The localization problem is rewritten as a non-convex optimization problem which is based on a least-squares method without any initial estimation. Therefore, a convex semidefinite programming problem is obtained by utilizing the semidefinite relaxation method for the problem which can be performed via the CVX toolbox. Several simulations are provided to evaluate the positioning accuracy in terms of bi-static range error for 3 and 4 transmitter/receiver antennas, different antenna arrangements, and near/far target. In other simulations, the localization accuracy is evaluated in terms of the empirical cumulative density function of positioning error. The results show that the proposed techniques have better accuracy and performance in different scenarios in comparison with other compared methods. The last simulation also demonstrates that the computational time of the mentioned techniques is 0.69 s which is suitable for real-time processing.

在本文中，基于到达测量的时间差，使用两种特定技术解决了广泛分离的多输入多输出雷达中的三维目标定位问题。这些技术是根据发射器和接收器天线提供的，分别被命名为technique_t和technique_r。定位问题被重写为基于最小二乘法的无凸优化问题，而没有任何初始估计。因此，通过使用半确定松弛方法可通过CVX工具箱执行该问题，从而得到凸半确定编程问题。提供了一些模拟来评估3和4个发射器/接收器天线，不同天线布置，和近/远目标。在其他模拟中，将根据定位误差的经验累积密度函数来评估定位精度。结果表明，与其他比较方法相比，本文提出的技术在不同场景下具有更好的准确性和性能。最后的仿真还表明，上述技术的计算时间为0.69 s，适合实时处理。