Carbody chattering is an abnormal vibration that severely deteriorates the ride quality of a railway vehicle. However, systematic studies on the mechanisms and control methods of carbody chattering are inadequate. Hence, in-situ tests, wheel and rail profile tests, modal parameter tests, and root locus analyses were conducted for an electric multiple-unit train to study the carbody chattering mechanism. Results show significant concave wear on wheel treads that have not yet met their wheel-turning mileages. When the vehicle moves from a carbody non-chattering to a chattering section, the wheel–rail contact positions are scattered and jumping is observed; then, the wheel–rail contact conicity increases rapidly, causing the modal damping ratio of the bogie hunting motion to reduce to 0, the bogie to change from stable to critical-unstable state, and bogie hunting motion frequency to increase close to the modal frequency of the carbody diamond-shaped deformation, thereby triggering synchronous movement. This amplifies the modal vibration, causing carbody chattering. Therefore, three control methods are proposed for carbody chattering—turning worn wheels; grinding rail profiles in the carbody chattering section; and synchronous optimisation of the primary longitudinal and lateral positioning stiffness, node stiffness, and damping coefficient of the yaw damper—according to the multi-objective synchronisation optimisation method to improve operational stability and ride quality. Test results show that all three methods effectively control carbody chattering; compared to the original vehicle, the amplitude of carbody chattering acceleration at 10 Hz can be reduced by 90%, 40% and 60% for the three methods.

车身振动是一种异常振动，会严重降低铁路车辆的行驶质量。但是，对车身颤振的机理和控制方法的系统研究还不够。因此，对电动多单元火车进行了原位测试，车轮和轨道轮廓测试，模态参数测试以及根轨迹分析，以研究车身颤振机理。结果表明，尚未满足车轮转向行驶里程的车轮胎面出现明显的凹面磨损。当车辆从不抖动的车身移动到颤振区间时，轮轨接触位置会分散，并且会观察到跳跃。然后，轮轨接触锥度迅速增加，导致转向架摆动运动的模态阻尼比减小到0，转向架从稳定状态变为临界不稳定状态，转向架的运动频率增加到接近菱形变形的模态频率，从而触发同步运动。这会放大模态振动，从而引起车身振颤。因此，提出了三种用于车身颤振的控制方法：转动磨损的车轮；控制车轮的振动。在车身振颤部分磨削轨道轮廓；偏航减震器的主要纵向和横向定位刚度，节点刚度和阻尼系数的同步优化-根据多目标同步优化方法，以提高操作稳定性和行驶质量。测试结果表明，这三种方法均能有效控制车身振动。与原始车辆相比，车体颤振加速度在10 Hz时的振幅可以降低90％，