not be triangular, to leave out the sugar trade from his story is to overstate the autonomy of the colony. Moreover, through much of the century after 1590, both the sugar and slave trades were really part of a non-imperial Sephardi international network of commerce that made mercantilist distinctions between colonies and metropoles somewhat irrelevant in any case. The author’s command of written and archival sources is impressive, the writing is sometimes brilliant and usually provocative, and while the conclusions merit debate, the thesis is usually clearly stated. As impressive as the research is, and as forcefully reasoned as is the central argument about the dependence of Brazil on Angola, the book can also be frustrating. The author’s erudition is impressive and his curiosity takes him in many, frequently fascinating directions, but the result is sometimes digression from the central objectives of the book. There are multi-page vignettes about diseases, the nature and composition of the Indian slave-hunting bandeiras, tropical medicine, Hegel’s view of slavery, the making of palm wines, among others, that while informative, tend to distract from the main narrative. Alencastro had tried to resolve this issue by including four separate appendices to the main text, and his almost 2000 substantial footnotes already carried a heavy informational burden, but his research and his command of information at times simply overwhelms his ability to distinguish between what is necessary and what is secondary. Still, in the long run the Trade of the Living must be considered a major accomplishment that has changed the way that both Brazilian and Angolan history is conceived, and reconceptualizes the place and importance of the South Atlantic in the history of slavery.

中文翻译：

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1840-1880 年的特殊制度和现代精神病学的形成

不是三角关系，从他的故事中排除糖业是夸大了殖民地的自治权。此外，在 1590 年之后的大部分时间里，糖业和奴隶贸易实际上都是非帝国的塞法迪国际商业网络的一部分，这使得殖民地和大都市之间的重商主义区别在任何情况下都变得无关紧要。作者对书面和档案来源的掌握令人印象深刻，写作有时很精彩，通常具有挑衅性，虽然结论值得辩论，但论文通常被清楚地陈述。尽管这项研究令人印象深刻，正如关于巴西对安哥拉依赖的中心论点的有力推理，这本书也可能令人沮丧。作者的博学令人印象深刻，他的好奇心将他带到了许多经常令人着迷的方向，但结果有时会偏离本书的中心目标。有关于疾病的多页小插曲，印度奴隶狩猎乐队的性质和组成，热带医学，黑格尔的奴隶制观点，棕榈酒的制作等等，虽然内容丰富，但往往会分散主要叙述的注意力。阿伦卡斯特罗曾试图通过在正文中加入四个独立的附录来解决这个问题，他近 2000 个实质性的脚注已经承载了沉重的信息负担，但他的研究和对信息的掌握有时只是压倒了他区分必要内容的能力什么是次要的。尽管如此，从长远来看，生活贸易必须被视为一项重大成就，它改变了巴西和安哥拉历史的构想方式，