Red mud is a solid waste in the production of alumina from bauxite. Red mud iron alloy (RMIA) is prepared from the red mud and laterite nickel ore via the high-temperature carbothermal reduction smelting and refining. Herein, by adjusting the contents of chromium (Cr) and titanium (Ti) in RMIA, low alloy cast iron with high hardness and wear resistance was obtained. Optical emission spectrometer, optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, and hardness and two-body wear test were used for characterization. The results show that the addition of either Cr or Ti element can lead to carbide formation and refining of graphite. With an increase in the content of Cr or Ti, the hardness and the wear resistance of the alloy were enhanced, and the effect of Cr element was better than that of Ti element. The optimal microstructure and properties of the alloy were obtained at 4.8%Cr0.36%Ti, at which stage, the network eutectic carbide structure disappeared and evenly distributed in the matrix, and meanwhile, the graphite morphology was refined. The hardness of the alloy was higher than high chromium cast iron (HCCI), and the wear resistance of the modified alloy was better than HCCI under low load. The aim of this work is to provide a reference for the preparation of wear-resistant ferroalloys from the red mud directly via high-temperature carbothermal reduction.

赤泥是铝土矿生产氧化铝的固体废物。赤泥铁合金（RMIA）是由赤泥和红土镍矿经高温碳热还原熔炼和精制而成。此处，通过调节RMIA中铬（Cr）和钛（Ti）的含量，获得了具有高硬度和耐磨性的低合金铸铁。使用发射光谱仪，光学显微镜，扫描电子显微镜以及硬度和两体磨损测试进行表征。结果表明，添加Cr或Ti元素均可导致碳化物的形成和石墨的细化。随着Cr或Ti含量的增加，合金的硬度和耐磨性增强，Cr元素的作用优于Ti元素。在4.8％Cr0.36％Ti处获得了最佳的合金组织和性能，在此阶段，网络共晶碳化物结构消失并均匀地分布在基体中，同时细化了石墨的形态。合金的硬度高于高铬铸铁（HCCI），而改性合金在低负荷下的耐磨性优于HCCI。这项工作的目的是为通过高温碳热还原直接从赤泥制备耐磨铁合金提供参考。在低负荷下，改性合金的耐磨性优于HCCI。这项工作的目的是为通过高温碳热还原直接从赤泥制备耐磨铁合金提供参考。在低负荷下，改性合金的耐磨性优于HCCI。这项工作的目的是为通过高温碳热还原直接从赤泥制备耐磨铁合金提供参考。