Leakages in water distribution systems have great economic and environmental impacts and are a major issue for water utilities. In this work, the water balance and the Minimum Night Flow (MNF) method for evaluating the amount of water loss, as well as the power and Fixed and Variable Area Discharge (FAVAD) equations for analyzing the relationship between leakage and pressure, were applied to a fully monitored District Metered Area (DMA) located in Gorino Ferrarese (FE, Italy). Time series of (a) the water consumption of each user, (b) the DMA inflow, and (c) the pressure at the DMA inlet point were monitored with a 5 min time step. The results of an analysis carried out by exploiting the collected time series highlighted that: (a) The application of the MNF method based on literature values can lead to significant inaccuracies in the presence of users with irregular consumption, and (b) the estimation of the parameters of the power and FAVAD equations is highly affected by the amounts and types of observed data used.

中文翻译：

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通过利用智能计量数据分析用于泄漏特征的MNF和FAVAD模型：以Gorino Ferrarese（意大利）地区为例

配水系统的泄漏对经济和环境造成巨大影响，并且是水务公司的主要问题。在这项工作中，应用了水平衡和最小夜流量（MNF）方法来评估失水量，并应用了功率和固定和可变面积排放（FAVAD）方程来分析渗漏和压力之间的关系。到位于Gorino Ferrarese（意大利，FE）的受完全监控的区域计量区（DMA）。（a）每个用户的耗水量，（b）DMA进水量和（c）DMA入口点压力的时间序列以5分钟的时间步长进行监控。利用收集的时间序列进行的分析结果强调：