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Some Theoretical Aspects of Tertiary Treatment of Water/Oil Emulsions by Adsorption and Coalescence Mechanisms: A Review
Water ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 , DOI: 10.3390/w13050652 Patrik Sobolčiak , Anton Popelka , Aisha Tanvir , Mariam A. Al-Maadeed , Samer Adham , Igor Krupa
Water ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 , DOI: 10.3390/w13050652 Patrik Sobolčiak , Anton Popelka , Aisha Tanvir , Mariam A. Al-Maadeed , Samer Adham , Igor Krupa
The massive increase in the volumes of oily contaminated produced waters associated with various industrial sectors has initiated considerable technological and scientific efforts related to the development of new cleaning strategies. The petrochemical industry (oil and gas production and processing) contributes to those volumes by approximately 340 billion barrels per year. The removal of emulsified oily components is a matter of particular interest because the high emulsion stability necessitates sophisticated technological approaches as well as a deep theoretical understanding of key mechanisms of oil/water separation. This review deals with the theoretical aspects of the treatment of emulsified oil/water mixtures and is particularly focused on tertiary treatment, which means the reduction of the oil content from 70–100 ppm to below 10 ppm, depending on national regulations for water discharge. The review concerns the mechanisms of oil/water separation and it covers the (i) adsorption isotherms, (ii) kinetics of adsorption, (iii) interfacial interactions between oil/water mixtures and solid surfaces, and (iv) oil/water separation techniques based on the wettability of solid/oil/water interfaces. The advantages and drawbacks of commonly used as well as newly proposed kinetic and adsorption models are reviewed, and their applicability for the characterization of oil/water separation is discussed. The lack of suitable adsorption isotherms that can be correctly applied for a description of oil adsorption at external and internal solid surfaces of both nonporous and porous structures is pointed out. The direct using of common isotherms, which were originally developed for gas adsorption, often leads to the incorrect data description because the adsorption of oily components at solid surfaces does not fit the assumptions from which these models were originally derived. Particularly, it results in problematic calculations of the thermodynamic parameters of sorption. The importance of nonlinear analysis of data is discussed, since recent studies have indicated that the error structure of experimental data is usually changed if the original nonlinear adsorption isotherms are transformed into their linearized forms. The comparison between the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models was performed. It was shown that the correlation between data and models strongly depends on the selection of data, particularly on the frequency of collected data in time scale. The wettability of solid surfaces by oil in air and under water is discussed, regarding the surface morphology of surfaces. We demonstrate that the combination of surface chemistry and topology strongly influences the separation of oil/water emulsions.
中文翻译:
吸附和聚结机理对水/油乳状液进行三次处理的一些理论方面的综述
与各个工业部门相关的被油污染的采出水量的大量增加已经引发了与开发新的清洁策略有关的大量技术和科学努力。石油化学工业(油气生产和加工)每年贡献约3400亿桶石油。乳化油性成分的去除是特别令人关注的问题,因为高乳化稳定性需要先进的技术方法以及对油/水分离关键机理的深刻理论理解。这篇评论涉及乳化油/水混合物处理的理论方面,并且特别侧重于三次处理,这意味着将含油量从70-100 ppm降低到10 ppm以下,取决于国家排水规定。审查涉及油/水分离的机理,涵盖了(i)吸附等温线,(ii)吸附动力学,(iii)油/水混合物与固体表面之间的界面相互作用,以及(iv)油/水分离技术基于固体/油/水界面的润湿性。综述了常用的动力学模型和吸附模型的优缺点,并讨论了其在油水分离表征中的适用性。指出了缺乏合适的吸附等温线,该吸附等温线可以正确地用于描述无孔和多孔结构的内部和外部固体表面上的油吸附。直接使用常见的等温线,这些等温线最初是为气体吸附而开发的,通常会导致错误的数据描述,因为固体表面上油性成分的吸附不符合最初从中得出这些模型的假设。特别地,这导致吸附的热力学参数的计算有问题。讨论了数据非线性分析的重要性,因为最近的研究表明,如果将原始的非线性吸附等温线转换为线性形式,则通常会改变实验数据的误差结构。进行了伪一级动力学模型和伪二级动力学模型之间的比较。结果表明,数据与模型之间的相关性在很大程度上取决于数据的选择,特别是在时间尺度上所收集的数据的频率。关于表面的表面形态,讨论了固体在空气中和在水下的润湿性。我们证明表面化学和拓扑结构的结合强烈影响油/水乳液的分离。
更新日期:2021-02-28
中文翻译:
吸附和聚结机理对水/油乳状液进行三次处理的一些理论方面的综述
与各个工业部门相关的被油污染的采出水量的大量增加已经引发了与开发新的清洁策略有关的大量技术和科学努力。石油化学工业(油气生产和加工)每年贡献约3400亿桶石油。乳化油性成分的去除是特别令人关注的问题,因为高乳化稳定性需要先进的技术方法以及对油/水分离关键机理的深刻理论理解。这篇评论涉及乳化油/水混合物处理的理论方面,并且特别侧重于三次处理,这意味着将含油量从70-100 ppm降低到10 ppm以下,取决于国家排水规定。审查涉及油/水分离的机理,涵盖了(i)吸附等温线,(ii)吸附动力学,(iii)油/水混合物与固体表面之间的界面相互作用,以及(iv)油/水分离技术基于固体/油/水界面的润湿性。综述了常用的动力学模型和吸附模型的优缺点,并讨论了其在油水分离表征中的适用性。指出了缺乏合适的吸附等温线,该吸附等温线可以正确地用于描述无孔和多孔结构的内部和外部固体表面上的油吸附。直接使用常见的等温线,这些等温线最初是为气体吸附而开发的,通常会导致错误的数据描述,因为固体表面上油性成分的吸附不符合最初从中得出这些模型的假设。特别地,这导致吸附的热力学参数的计算有问题。讨论了数据非线性分析的重要性,因为最近的研究表明,如果将原始的非线性吸附等温线转换为线性形式,则通常会改变实验数据的误差结构。进行了伪一级动力学模型和伪二级动力学模型之间的比较。结果表明,数据与模型之间的相关性在很大程度上取决于数据的选择,特别是在时间尺度上所收集的数据的频率。关于表面的表面形态,讨论了固体在空气中和在水下的润湿性。我们证明表面化学和拓扑结构的结合强烈影响油/水乳液的分离。