Fluoride ions present in drinking water are beneficial to human health when at proper concentration levels (0.5–1.5 mg L⁻¹), but an excess intake of fluoride (>1.5 mg L⁻¹) may pose several health problems. In this context, reducing high fluoride concentrations in water is a major worldwide challenge. The World Health Organization has recommended setting a permissible limit of 1.5 mg L⁻¹. The application of electrocoagulation (EC) processes has received widespread and increasing attention as a promising treatment technology and a competitive treatment for fluoride control. EC technology has been favourably applied due to its economic effectiveness, environmental versatility, amenability of automation, and low sludge production. This review provides more detailed information on fluoride removal from water by the EC process, including operating parameters, removal mechanisms, energy consumption, and operating costs. Additionally, it also focuses attention on future trends related to improve defluoridation efficiency.

中文翻译：

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电凝作为一种有前景的从水中脱氟的技术：去除机理和性能趋势的最新综述

在适当的浓度水平（0.5–1.5 mg L ^{− 1}）下，饮用水中存在的氟离子对人体健康有益，但是摄入过量的氟（> 1.5 mg L ^{− 1}）可能会带来一些健康问题。在这种情况下，减少水中的高氟化物浓度是一项主要的全球挑战。世界卫生组织建议将允许限量设定为1.5 mg L ^{− 1}。电凝（EC）工艺的应用作为一种有前途的处理技术和竞争性的氟化物治理技术，受到了越来越多的关注。EC技术因其经济有效性，环境多功能性，自动化便利性和低污泥产生而得到了有利的应用。这篇综述提供了有关通过EC工艺从水中去除氟化物的更详细信息，包括运行参数，去除机理，能耗和运行成本。此外，它也将注意力集中在与提高除氟效率有关的未来趋势上。