The neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease and its progression has been investigated during the last few decades. Braak et al. proposed neuropathological stages of this disease based on the recognizable topographical extent of Lewy body lesions. This pathological process involves specific brain areas with an ascending course from the brain stem to the cortex. Post-mortem studies are of importance to better understand not only the progression of motor symptoms, but also the involvement of other domains, including cognition and behavior. The correlation between the neuropathological expansion of the disease and the clinical phases remains demanding. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), could help to bridge this existing gap by providing in vivo evidence of the extension of the disorders. In the last decade, we observed an overabundance of reports regarding the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques. All these studies were aimed at improving the accuracy of Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and discriminating it from other causes of parkinsonism. In this review, we look at the recent literature concerning PD and address the new frontier of diagnostic accuracy in terms of identification of early stages of the disease and conventional neuroimaging techniques that, in vivo, are capable of photographing the basal ganglia network and its cerebral connections.

中文翻译：

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帕金森氏病的功能神经解剖学成像：临床应用和未来方向。

在过去的几十年中，已经研究了帕金森氏病及其进展的神经生物学。Braak等。根据路易体病变的可识别地形学范围，提出了该病的神经病理学分期。这种病理过程涉及特定的大脑区域，从脑干到皮层都有逐渐增加的过程。验尸研究对于更好地理解运动症状的进展以及其他领域（包括认知和行为）的参与具有重要意义。疾病的神经病理学扩展与临床阶段之间的相关性仍然很苛刻。神经成像，包括磁共振成像（MRI），正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT），通过提供体内疾病扩展的证据，可以帮助弥合现有的差距。在过去的十年中，我们观察到了有关神经成像技术敏感性的大量报道。所有这些研究旨在提高帕金森病（PD）诊断的准确性，并将其与其他帕金森病原因区分开。在这篇综述中，我们查看了有关PD的最新文献，并从疾病的早期阶段鉴定和常规的神经成像技术（在体内能够对基底神经节网络及其大脑拍照）方面探讨了诊断准确性的新领域。连接。所有这些研究旨在提高帕金森病（PD）诊断的准确性，并将其与其他帕金森病原因区分开。在这篇综述中，我们查看了有关PD的最新文献，并从疾病的早期阶段鉴定和常规的神经成像技术（在体内能够对基底神经节网络及其大脑拍照）方面探讨了诊断准确性的新领域。连接。所有这些研究旨在提高帕金森病（PD）诊断的准确性，并将其与其他帕金森病原因区分开。在这篇综述中，我们查看了有关PD的最新文献，并从疾病的早期识别和常规的神经成像技术（在体内能够对基底神经节网络及其大脑进行拍照）方面探讨了诊断准确性的新领域。连接。