The adverse impacts of ecosystem degradation have raised the need for forest landscape restoration (FLR) to be included in international sustainability agendas. However, the path towards successful FLR implementation faces numerous biophysical, socioeconomic and governance challenges because FLR operates within complex socioecological systems. In the present study, we review and discuss FLR challenges in the context of global environmental change. We propose a roadmap consisting of five interlinked steps to overcome these challenges: (1) advancing ecological knowledge supporting FLR, (2) adapting FLR management to environmental change through strengthening globally distributed experimental networks, (3) implementing modelling approaches, (4) improving socioeconomic and governance dimensions, and (5) developing evidence-based knowledge platforms. The roadmap offers an iterative and adaptive framework for the continuous evaluation and improvement of FLR strategies and outcomes.

中文翻译：

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全球环境变化下的森林景观恢复：挑战和未来路线图

生态系统退化的不利影响增加了将森林景观恢复（FLR）纳入国际可持续发展议程的必要性。然而，由于FLR在复杂的社会生态系统中运作，因此成功实施FLR的道路面临着许多生物物理，社会经济和治理方面的挑战。在本研究中，我们回顾并讨论了全球环境变化背景下的FLR挑战。我们提出了一个包含五个相互联系的步骤的路线图，以克服这些挑战：（1）推进支持FLR的生态知识；（2）通过加强全球分布的实验网络使FLR管理适应环境变化；（3）实施建模方法；（4）改进社会经济和治理层面，以及（5）开发基于证据的知识平台。