Essential oils have been used in aquaculture due to their wide range of biological activities. However, even though they have a potentially low risk for fish, it is necessary to assess the risks to nontarget organisms to guarantee their safe use in the environment. Here, we assessed the acute toxicity on the model organism Daphnia magna of seven essential oils of interest in aquaculture (Lippia alba, Lippia gracilis, Lippia sidoides, Mentha arvensis, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum and Piper callosum). Furthermore, we also studied the chemical composition of essential oils using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to relate toxicity to the chemical composition. The half maximal effective concentration values during 48 hours of exposure (EC_50-48 h) of the essential oils for D. magna showed toxicity ranging from moderately (EC_50-48 h 3.59 mg/L for L. gracilis, followed by L. sidoides, L. alba and O. gratissimum) to slightly toxic (EC_50-48 h 43.74 mg/L for M. piperita as the least toxic, M. arvensis and P. callosum). Thus, for the purpose of establishing ecologically safe therapeutic protocols, the correct use of these substances in aquaculture should be considered, as the toxicity of the essential oils observed indicates potential interference with the nontarget organism D. magna.

中文翻译：

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水产养殖潜在应用大溞精油化学成分及生态毒理学评价研究

精油因其广泛的生物活性而被用于水产养殖。然而，即使它们对鱼类的潜在风险较低，也有必要评估对非目标生物的风险，以保证它们在环境中的安全使用。在这里，我们评估的模式生物急性毒性水蚤 蚤在水产养殖的兴趣7个精油（马鞭草 阿尔巴，马鞭草 纤细，马鞭草 sidoides，薄荷 荬，薄荷 piperita，罗勒 gratissimum和派珀 胝）。此外，我们还使用气相色谱-质谱法 (GC-MS) 研究了精油的化学成分，以将毒性与化学成分联系起来。D精油在暴露 48 小时（EC _{50-48 小时}）期间的半数最大有效浓度值。蚤显示毒性范围从适度（EC _50-48ħ 3.59毫克/升大号。股薄肌，随后大号。sidoides，大号。杨和ö。gratissimum）至轻微的毒性（EC _50-48ħ 43.74毫克/升中号.胡椒作为毒性最小的，M。荬和P。胼胝体）。因此，为了建立生态安全的治疗方案，应考虑在水产养殖中正确使用这些物质，因为观察到的精油的毒性表明对非目标生物D 的潜在干扰。麦格纳。