The structure of seafloor terrain affects the distribution and diversity of animals in all seascapes. Effects of terrain on fish assemblages have been reported from most ecosystems, but it is unclear whether bathymetric effects vary among seascapes or change in response to seafloor modification by humans. We reviewed the global literature linking seafloor terrain to fish species and assemblages (96 studies) and determined that relief (e.g. depth), complexity (e.g. roughness), feature classes (e.g. substrate types) and morphology (e.g. curvature), have widespread effects on fish assemblages. Research on the ecological consequences of terrain have focused on coral reefs, rocky reefs, continental shelves and the deep sea (n ≥ 20 studies), but are rarely tested in estuaries (n = 7). Fish associate with a variety of terrain attributes, and assemblages change with variation in the depth and aspect of bathymetric features in reef and shelf seascapes, and in the deep sea. Fish from different seascapes also respond to distinct metrics, with fluctuations in slope of slope (coral reefs), rugosity (rocky reefs) and slope (continental shelves, deep sea) each linked to changes in assemblage composition. Terrain simplification from coastal urbanization (e.g. dredging) and resource extraction (e.g. trawling) can reduce fish diversity and abundance, but assemblages can also recover inside effective marine reserves. The consequences of these terrain changes for fish and fisheries are, however, rarely measured in most seascapes. The key challenge now is to examine how terrain modification and conservation combine to alter fish distributions and fisheries productivity across diverse coastal seascapes.

中文翻译：

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海底地形对鱼类和渔业的影响：全球综合

海底地形的结构影响着所有海洋景观中动物的分布和多样性。大多数生态系统都报告了地形对鱼类组合的影响，但尚不清楚测深效应是否因海景而异，或因人类对海底的改变而发生变化。我们回顾了将海底地形与鱼类种类和组合联系起来的全球文献（96 项研究），并确定地势（例如深度）、复杂性（例如粗糙度）、特征类别（例如基底类型）和形态（例如曲率）对海底地形有广泛的影响。鱼组合。关于地形生态后果的研究主要集中在珊瑚礁、岩礁、大陆架和深海（n  ≥ 20 研究），但很少在河口进行测试（n = 7）。鱼类与各种地形属性相关联，并且组合随着珊瑚礁和陆架海景以及深海中测深特征的深度和方面的变化而变化。来自不同海景的鱼类也对不同的指标做出反应，坡度（珊瑚礁）、起伏（岩礁）和坡度（大陆架、深海）的波动都与组合组成的变化有关。沿海城市化（例如疏浚）和资源开采（例如拖网捕捞）导致的地形简化可以减少鱼类的多样性和丰度，但组合也可以在有效的海洋保护区内恢复。然而，在大多数海景中很少测量这些地形变化对鱼类和渔业的影响。