The study intends to examine the impact of assimilation of ocean surface winds on the simulation of the tropical cyclones Ockhi, Mekunu, and Luban formed over the north Indian Oceans. We have conducted two assimilation experiments, cyclic control (CyclicCntl) and Hybrid, using the Weather Research and Forecast model. The CyclicCntl experiment and Hybrid experiment are the analysis generated without and with adding ocean surface winds, respectively. The ocean surface winds from Ocean Scatterometer, Advanced Scatterometer, and Windsat are assimilated using the ensemble three-dimensional variational assimilation technique. The analysis generated by Hybrid and CyclicCntl is compared with the ocean surface winds observations from buoys, and it is found that the assimilation of ocean surface winds reduces the root mean square error between observation and analysis for zonal and meridional winds by 2–3 m s⁻¹ (42%) compared to CyclicCntl simulations. The comparison with the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship locations of cyclones derived from the analyses indicates that track error is maximum in genesis and landfall stage for both the Hybrid and CyclicCntl experiments, and the average track error is less than 80 km for the three cyclones. In a Hybrid experiment, during the intensifications from deep depression to the very severe cyclonic storm, the wind speed enhancement is dominant over the southeast and northwest sectors of the eyewall regions and subsequently in the rainband region. Thus, the assimilation of ocean surface winds from the three sensors improves the prediction of intensity and the evolution of tropical cyclones in general.

中文翻译：

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卫星获取的海面风同化对北印度洋热带气旋模拟的影响

该研究旨在研究海洋表面风同化对模拟在北印度洋上空形成的热带气旋 Ockhi、Mekunu 和 Luban 的影响。我们使用天气研究和预测模型进行了两个同化实验，循环控制 (CyclicCntl) 和混合。CyclicCntl 实验和 Hybrid 实验分别是在没有和添加海面风的情况下生成的分析。Ocean Scatterometer、Advanced Scatterometer 和 Windsat 的海面风使用集合三维变分同化技术同化。Hybrid 和 CyclicCntl 生成的分析与来自浮标的海面风观测值进行了比较，^-1 (42%) 与 CyclicCntl 模拟相比。与根据分析得出的气旋气候管理位置国际最佳轨迹档案的比较表明，Hybrid 和 CyclicCntl 实验在发生和登陆阶段的轨迹误差最大，三个实验的平均轨迹误差小于 80 公里。旋风。在混合实验中，在从深洼地到非常严重的气旋风暴增强期间，风速增强主要在眼墙区域的东南和西北部分，随后在雨带区域。因此，来自三个传感器的海面风同化总体上改进了对强度和热带气旋演变的预测。