1. Giant guitarfishes (Glaucostegidae) and wedgefishes (Rhinidae) are some of the most threatened marine taxa in the world, with 15 of the 16 known species exhibiting global population declines and categorized as Critically Endangered according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. The recent inclusion of all species in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) necessitates more rigorous enforcement by regulatory authorities.
2. Challenges in regulating the trade of giant guitarfish and wedgefish products due to difficulties in visual identification of processed products and labelling issues impede enforcement. The aim of this study is to characterize the diversity and origins of associated traded products that were commercially available in Singapore, one of the world's top importers and re-exporters of shark and ray products.
3. A total of 176 samples of elasmobranch products were obtained between June and December 2019 from fishery ports and various retailers in Singapore. By applying cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene barcoding, 31 elasmobranch species were detected, with 55% of the species considered threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable) based on the IUCN Red List and 35% of species listed in CITES Appendix II. Four species of giant guitarfishes and wedgefishes were commercially available to consumers in fresh forms of whole fish, fillet, and fin, as well as dried and cooked meats.
4. DNA barcoding has proven to be an effective tool for identifying elasmobranch products that are impossible to recognize visually and would aid enforcement of CITES trade regulations. This work underscores the urgent need to step up enforcement of marine wildlife regulations and draw public attention to the elasmobranch trade.

中文翻译：

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新加坡巨型吉他鱼和楔鱼产品的多样性和起源

1. 巨型吉他鱼 (Glaucostegidae) 和楔形鱼 (Rhinidae) 是世界上受威胁最严重的海洋类群之一，根据国际自然保护联盟 (IUCN)，16 种已知物种中有 15 种表现出全球人口下降，并被归类为极度濒危物种受威胁物种红色名录。最近将所有物种都列入了《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES）的附录 II，因此监管机构需要更严格的执法。
2. 由于加工产品的视觉识别困难和标签问题，在监管巨型吉他鱼和楔鱼产品贸易方面面临挑战，阻碍了执法。本研究的目的是描述在新加坡商业化的相关贸易产品的多样性和来源，新加坡是世界上最大的鲨鱼和鳐鱼产品进口国和再出口国之一。
3. 2019 年 6 月至 2019 年 12 月期间，共从新加坡渔港和各零售商处获得了 176 个 elasmobranch 产品样本。通过应用细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I 基因条形码，检测到 31 种弹鳃物种，其中 55% 的物种根据 IUCN 红色名录被认为受威胁（极危、濒危或易危），35% 的物种被列入 CITES 附录 II。四种巨型吉他鱼和楔形鱼以新鲜的全鱼、鱼片和鳍以及干肉和熟肉形式向消费者出售。
4. DNA 条码已被证明是一种有效的工具，可用于识别无法通过视觉识别的韧带产品，并有助于执行 CITES 贸易法规。这项工作强调迫切需要加强海洋野生动物法规的执行，并引起公众对弹鳃贸易的关注。