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The transition from folk to engineered roads in the Mojave Desert
Journal of Historical Geography ( IF 1.031 ) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jhg.2018.02.017
Joe Weber

Abstract In 1916 the federal government directed the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to begin a program to survey water sources as well as mapping and marking roads in the Mojave Desert, the first federal effort at doing so for automobile routes. Improved highways arrived later but based on an entirely different approach; these were maintained by a highway department which carried out numerous improvements over time based on goals of reducing travel cost. This engineered highway network has little in common with the earlier road network and remains in use today. This research will examine these changing road networks of the Mojave Desert from 1917 to 1940 to identify whether the changing purpose of these routes can explain how one road network so effectively replaced another despite using the same type of vehicles. Maps of the 1917, 1922, and 1940 road networks were digitized and cost distance routes generated in GIS in an attempt to replicate both the 1917 and 1940 networks. The expectation is that the 1940 network was based on optimization while that of 1917 was instead based on creating feasible routes between water sources that avoided physical barriers. The ability of cost distance routes to replicate the 1940 routes but not those of 1917 confirms that these two networks were based on different principles. Despite this transition a few early roads remain in the desert and the mapping work of the USGS remains relevant in the twenty first century.

中文翻译:

莫哈韦沙漠从民间道路到工程道路的过渡

摘要 1916 年,联邦政府指示美国地质调查局 (USGS) 开始一项计划,以调查莫哈韦沙漠中的水源以及绘制地图和标记道路,这是联邦政府首次为汽车路线这样做。改进的高速公路较晚到达,但基于完全不同的方法;这些由公路部门维护,该部门根据降低旅行成本的目标随着时间的推移进行了大量改进。这种工程公路网与早期的公路网几乎没有共同之处,至今仍在使用。这项研究将检查 1917 年至 1940 年莫哈韦沙漠这些不断变化的道路网络,以确定这些路线不断变化的目的是否可以解释尽管使用相同类型的车辆,一个道路网络如何如此有效地取代另一个。1917 年、1922 年、和 1940 年的道路网络被数字化,并在 GIS 中生成成本距离路线,以试图复制 1917 年和 1940 年的网络。预期是 1940 年的网络基于优化,而 1917 年的网络则基于在避免物理障碍的水源之间创建可行的路线。成本距离路由能够复制 1940 年的路由而不是 1917 年的路由,这证实了这两个网络基于不同的原理。尽管有这种转变,但仍有一些早期道路留在沙漠中,美国地质调查局的测绘工作在 21 世纪仍然具有重要意义。预期是 1940 年的网络基于优化,而 1917 年的网络则基于在避免物理障碍的水源之间创建可行的路线。成本距离路由能够复制 1940 年的路由而不是 1917 年的路由,这证实了这两个网络基于不同的原理。尽管有这种转变,但仍有一些早期的道路留在沙漠中,美国地质调查局的测绘工作在 21 世纪仍然具有重要意义。预期是 1940 年的网络基于优化,而 1917 年的网络则基于在避免物理障碍的水源之间创建可行的路线。成本距离路由能够复制 1940 年的路由而不是 1917 年的路由,这证实了这两个网络基于不同的原理。尽管有这种转变,但仍有一些早期道路留在沙漠中,美国地质调查局的测绘工作在 21 世纪仍然具有重要意义。
更新日期:2018-07-01
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