Abstract The public participation in the energy turnaround resulted in the foundation of many energy co-operatives (ECs) which are predominantly active in photovoltaics. Commonly, the business models of energy co-operatives are designed based on traditional (profit-oriented) concepts from business economics. However, these show their limitations when brought together with co-operative-specific characteristics. The aim of this research is to provide a conceptual framework for energy co-operative business models, meeting the co-operative’s organizational dichotomy of market orientation on one side and community orientation on the other. By synthesizing the relevant theories of business models, co-operatives, and management paradigms, a new business model framework for energy co-operatives is developed. Ultimately, three types of co-operative business models can be distinguished, depending on the members’ roles as well as their corresponding (in-)efficiencies.

中文翻译：

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引入合作社特定的业务模型：利润和社区的两极及其对能源合作社组织模型的影响

摘要公众参与能源转变导致许多能源合作社（EC）的建立，这些合作社主要从事光伏发电。通常，能源合作社的商业模型是基于商业经济学的传统（以利润为导向）概念设计的。但是，当结合特定于合作社的特征时，它们显示出它们的局限性。这项研究的目的是为能源合作社业务模型提供一个概念框架，从而满足合作社的组织二分法，一方面是市场导向，另一方面是社区导向。通过综合业务模型，合作社和管理范式的相关理论，开发了能源合作社的新业务模型框架。最终，