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Perspectives in Imaginative Engagement with Fiction
Philosophical Perspectives Pub Date : 2017-12-01 , DOI: 10.1111/phpe.12102
Elisabeth Camp 1
Affiliation  

Recent philosophical attention to fiction has focused largely on the phenomenon of imaginative resistance: the fact that readers are sometimes unable or unwilling to play along with an author's instructions to imagine certain, especially moral, contents or responses. The fact that readers resist in these cases appears puzzling, given that they are typically willing to imagine all sorts of highly implausible, even impossible things, including alterations to the laws of physics. Theorists have explained imaginative resistance in various ways. Richard Moran (1994) argues that resistance arises because evaluative and emotional engagement with fiction requires more than merely imaging certain contents: it requires having actual, robust responses of the relevant kind, and this is not the sort of thing readers can simply choose to do in response to an author's demands. Kendall Walton (1994), Steve Yablo (2002) and Brian Weatherson (2004) argue that resistance arises because what readers are able to imagine true in the fiction is fixed by invariant conceptual or metaphysical principles. And Tamar Szabó Gendler (2000) argues that resistance is driven by readers' unwillingness to 'export' certain moral principles or perspectives from fictions to reality. Because they focus on imaginative resistance, all of these theorists emphasize the limits of imagination, and specifically the ways in which engagement with fiction is constrained by one's sense of reality. Against this, I will argue that it is at least as notable how often readers' evaluative and emotional responses toward fictions differ from those they would have toward the same situation in reality. Thus, I find it funny rather than cruel that the Three Stooges bop each other over the head with heavy implements. I find the events in a Stephen King novel thrilling rather than disgusting. And I root for Conversations with Richard Wollheim were instrumental in developing the notion of perspectives. My debt to the work of Richard Moran and Tamar Gendler will also be apparent throughout.

中文翻译:

小说中想象力参与的观点

最近对小说的哲学关注主要集中在想象抵抗的现象上:事实上,读者有时无法或不愿意按照作者的指示去想象某些,尤其是道德的内容或反应。读者在这些情况下抵制这一事实似乎令人费解,因为他们通常愿意想象各种非常难以置信甚至不可能的事情,包括物理定律的改变。理论家以各种方式解释了想象阻力。理查德·莫兰(Richard Moran,1994 年)认为,之所以会出现阻力,是因为对小说的评价和情感参与需要的不仅仅是对某些内容的想象:它还需要相关类型的实际、稳健的反应,而这不是读者可以简单地选择做来回应作者的要求的事情。Kendall Walton (1994)、Steve Yablo (2002) 和 Brian Weatherson (2004) 认为,之所以会出现阻力,是因为读者在小说中能够想象的真实内容是由不变的概念或形而上学原则固定的。Tamar Szabó Gendler (2000) 认为,抵制是由读者不愿意将某些道德原则或观点从小说“输出”到现实所驱动的。因为他们专注于想象抵抗,所有这些理论家都强调想象力的局限性,特别是人们对现实感的约束对小说的参与。与此相反,我会争辩说,读者的阅读频率至少同样值得注意。对小说的评价和情感反应不同于他们对现实中相同情况的反应。因此,我觉得三个臭皮匠用沉重的工具互相顶着头,这很有趣而不是残酷。我发现斯蒂芬金小说中的事件令人兴奋而不是恶心。我支持与理查德沃尔海姆的对话有助于发展观点的概念。我对理查德·莫兰 (Richard Moran) 和塔玛·詹德勒 (Tamar Gendler) 的工作的感激之情也将贯穿始终。我支持与理查德沃尔海姆的对话有助于发展观点的概念。我对理查德·莫兰 (Richard Moran) 和塔玛·詹德勒 (Tamar Gendler) 的工作的感激之情也将贯穿始终。我支持与理查德沃尔海姆的对话有助于发展观点的概念。我对理查德·莫兰 (Richard Moran) 和塔玛·詹德勒 (Tamar Gendler) 的工作的感激之情也将贯穿始终。
更新日期:2017-12-01
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